The pattern of illumination on an undulating surface can be used to infer its 3-D form (shape-from-shading). But the recovery of shape would be invalid if the luminance changes actually arose from changes in reflectance. So how does vision distinguish variation in illumination from variation in reflectance to avoid illusory depth? When a corrugated surface is painted with an albedo texture, the...

Inter and intra-population variation in morphological traits, such as body size and shape, provides important insights into the ecological importance of individual natural populations. The radiation of Diaptomid species (~400 species) has apparently produced little morphological differentiation other than those in secondary sexual characteristics, suggesting sexual, rather than ecological, sele...

This study investigated the gas jet forming process for optical aspherical mirror blanks. The trend of influence parameters on surface shape blanks was inferred by analysing variation in morphology stream. Based theoretical analysis, inference verified numerical simulation. experimental results were compared with simulation predictions, and it found that average prediction deviation diameter 1....

We present new periodograms that are effective in distinguishing Doppler shift from spectral shape variability astronomical spectra. These periodograms, building upon the concept of partial distance correlation, separate periodic radial velocity modulation induced by orbital motion stellar activity. tools can be used to explore large spectroscopic databases search targets which variations obscu...