this paper presents results of a numerical study of mixed convection and entropy generation of cu–water nanofluid in a square ventilating cavity at different inclination angles. except a piece of bottom wall with a uniform heat flux, all of the cavity walls are insulated. the inlet port is placed at the bottom of the left wall and the outlet port is positioned at the top of the right wall. entr...

2-d and axisymmetric navier-stokes equations are solved using reiman-roe solver with different limiters for second-order accurate schemes. the results were obtained for supersonic viscous flows over semi-infinite axisymmetric and 2-d bodies. the free stream mach numbers were 7.78 and 16.34. the stability of roe method with different limiters and entropy conditions were considered. the results s...

In this paper, the continuous optimal control theory is used to model and solve the maximum entropy problem for a continuous random variable. The maximum entropy principle provides a method to obtain least-biased probability density function (Pdf) estimation. In this paper, to find a closed form solution for the maximum entropy problem with any number of moment constraints, the entropy is consi...

In this paper, second law analysis for calculations of the entropy generation due to the flow andheat transfer of water-Al2O3 and ethylene glycol-Al2O3 nanofluids inside annuli is presented. Thephysical properties of the nanofluids are calculated using empirical correlations. Constant heatfluxes at inner surface of the annuli are considered and fully developed condition for fluid flowand heat t...

Entropy generation due to viscous incompressible MHD forced convective dissipative fluid flow through a horizontal channel of finite depth in the existence of an inclined magnetic field and heat source effect has been examined. The governing non-linear partial differential equations for momentum, energy and entropy generation are derived and solved by using the analytical method. In addition; t...

background: surface electromyography (semg) of muscles is a non-invasive tool that can be helpful in the assessment of muscle function and some motor control evaluations. a loss of force, known as muscle fatigue is accompanied by changes in muscle electrical activity. one of the most commonly used surface emg parameters which reflects paraspinal muscle fatigue during different tasks and positio...

In the real world, we are confronted not only with complex and high-dimensional data sets, but usually with noisy, incomplete and uncertain data, where the application of traditional methods of knowledge discovery and data mining always entail the danger of modeling artifacts. Originally, information entropy was introduced by Shannon (1949), as a measure of uncertainty in the data. But up to th...

This paper reports a new reading for wavelets, which is based on the classical ’De Broglie’ principle. The waveparticle duality principle is adapted to wavelets. Every continuous basic wavelet is associated with a proper probability density, allowing defining the Shannon entropy of a wavelet. Further entropy definitions are considered, such as Jumarie or Renyi entropy of wavelets. We proved tha...