by accepting the responsibility of ‘āqila (blood relatives of the person perpetrated homicide) in unintentional homicides, the islamic penal law, passed on ordibehesht 1, 1392 sh/march 21, 2013, has included this view in article 463. this law maintains the following concerning how to pay for the diya (blood money) mentioned under article 468, “‘āqila includes father, son, and the paternal and m...

Abstract Within the medieval Catholic Church, term ‘clandestine betrothal’ was associated with absence of witnesses, solemnities, and other formalities. Parental consent not a legal requirement for betrothal or marriage, which based on free decision spouses. However, Martin Luther held that will parties sufficient, because couple joined by God, God’s reflected in parental consent. intended pare...