This paper presents a model of shadow banking in which the shadow and the traditional banking systems share a symbiotic relationship. The analysis shows that competition with an opaque and fragile shadow bank can bene…t the traditional bank, especially when the traditional bank faces liquidity risk stemming from collective actions by investors, such as runs. The opacity and fragility of the sha...

When detecting moving shadow for video-based virtual reality interaction (VBVRI), we need not concern the original moving object that casts the shadow. It is based on this feature of application that a novel algorithm of moving shadow detection is proposed in this paper, which primarily introduces a two-step shadow discriminator and an improvement upon the classical Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)...

The latest empirical results of the size of the shadow economy in 18 OECD countries are presented, using the currency demand approach to calculate the shadow economy over time. The results indicate a strong increase in the size of the shadow economy, over the period 1960 to 1998 and for 15 of the 18 investigated OECD-countries the size of the shadow economy is more than 13 % of the GNP for the ...

-In this paper we proposed a new and simple method in order to extract the shadow area, by using the homomorphic system to emphasize more on illumination and reflection components of image gray-level value separately. In this new method all analysis carried out in the HSV color space using Value component as darkness / brightness of a color to improve the accuracy in detecting shadow area. The ...

We used a visual-search method to investigate the role of shadows in the rapid discrimination of scene properties. Targets and distractors were light or dark 2-D crescents of identical shape and size, on a mid-grey background. From the dark stimuli, illusory 3-D shapes can be created by blurring one arc of the crescent. If the inner arc is blurred, the stimulus is perceived as a curved surface ...

This work should give an overview of various shadow techniques used in real-time rendering. Proper shadows are a crucial part of realistic looking scenes and therefore a huge research field in computer graphics. We will focus on the two major shadowing techniques shadow volumes and shadow mapping, including most popular rendering approaches, whereby the most practical approaches should be point...

Two of the best methods to recognize silhouette to create real-time volume shadow in virtual environment are described in this paper. Volume shadow algorithm is implemented for virtual environment with moveable illuminated light source. Triangular method and the Visible-non visible method are introduced. The recent traditional silhouette detection and implementation techniques used in volume sh...

Shadow mapping has been extensively used for real-time shadow rendering in 3D computer games, though it suffers from the inherent aliasing problems due to its image-based nature. The aliasing errors in shadow mapping consist of perspective aliasing error and projection aliasing error. In this paper, we propose a novel shadow-map reparameterization to reduce perspective aliasing for varying view...

In this paper we abandon the regular structure of shadow maps. Instead, we transform the visible pixels P(x,y,z) from screen space to the image plane of a light source P′(x′,y′,z′). The (x′,y′) are then used as sampling points when the geometry is rasterized into the shadow map. This eliminates the resolution issues that have plagued shadow maps for decades, e.g., jagged shadow boundaries. Inco...

An asset network systemic risk (ANWSER) model is presented to investigate the impact of how shadow banks are intermingled in a financial system on the severity of financial contagion. Particularly, the focus of this study is the impact of the following three representative topologies of an interbank loan network between shadow banks and regulated banks. (1) Random mixing network: shadow banks a...