In applications of linear programming, shadow prices/costs are as important as the optimal values of decision variables and objective function. When the linear programming problems are primal degenerate, the shadow prices are no longer necessarily equal to optimal value of dual variables. In such cases, the socalled two-sided shadow prices are defined. However, existing approaches for two-sided...

This document contains additional results for the paper “The Macroeconomics of Shadow Banking.” These results include robustness to alternative parameter values, evidence on the composition of the liquidity supply over the 2003–2015 cycle, and extensions for analyzing liquidity requirements and equity issuance costs. ∗Yale University School of Management, [email protected]. †New York Univer...

The main objective of this paper is to propose an improvement to existing methods of house price index construction by addressing three important oversights in the literature. Firstly, it is plausible that the shadow prices of property attributes evolve slowly over time, in line with the nature of consumer preferences. Existing methods either assume (explicitly or implicitly) that shadow prices...

Assessing the production of goods and services while minimizing damage to environment is a key component advance sustainable development at national global levels. The nonparametric estimation lower upper bounds on shadow prices pollutants undertaken support design policies promoting environmental efficiency in presence asymmetry adjusting productive abatement capital capacity. This framework a...

In 2015, Korea inaugurated an emissions trading scheme (ETS). In this regard, many studies have considered the sustainable performance and efficiency of industries that emit carbon; however, few have examined ETS at company level. This paper focuses on companies’ data related to Korean ETS in the petrochemical industry. Based on the non-radial, nonparametric directional distance function (DDF),...

Can the slowdown in total factor productivity (TFP) that we have experienced since the mid-seventies be ascribed to the increasing importance of services, or do we instead observe an improvement of productivity in the service sectors by way of learning-by-doing or specialization? We feel that such questions are best answered within a general equilibrium analysis of the whole economy, i.e. a str...

This paper addresses the question of whether the findings of behavioral economics imply that techniques used in cost-benefit analysis should be modified. The findings of behavioral economics considered include the status-quo effect, loss-aversion, overconfidence and hyperbolic discounting. These behavioral phenomena do indeed imply that concepts from cost-benefit analysis such as consumer surpl...

This article addresses the problem of how to determine the optimal allocation of public expenditure in the health sector. The first part poses the question: How should the set of services provided in the public health care system and the fees charged for them be chosen to maximize the health status of the population with a fixed budget? First, the findings show that policy reform should take in...

Can the slowdown in total factor productivity (TFP) that we have experienced since the mid-seventies be ascribed to the increasing importance of services, or do we instead observe an improvement of productivity in the service sectors by way of learning-by-doing or specialization? We feel that such questions are best answered within a general equilibrium analysis of the whole economy, i.e. a str...