In order to obtain models of complex virtual environments, there are many solutions that make use of image-based rendering techniques. When using a set of images to represent an element in space as a billboard, there are some problems related with the shading calculations, once these elements are just planes in space. This article presents a new approach for shading objects represented by image...

Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mis...

We define a new shading tool called a Bidirectional Appearance Distribution Function (BADF) tailored to the direct control of stylized appearance. A BADF can be thought of as defining the appearance of a sphere from all possible illumination directions. Our BADF formulation generalizes and improves upon previous stylized shading techniques by enabling the direct control of shading profiles in s...

Not only are small photovoltaic (PV) systems widely used in poor countries and rural areas where the electrical loads low but they can also be integrated into national electricity grid to save costs reduce CO2 emissions. Partial shading (PS) is one of phenomena that leads a sharp decrease performance PV systems. This study provides comprehensive investigation (consisting ten modules or fewer) u...

In this study, remote sensing (RS) was used to determine the 20-year area and shoreline changes of Demirköprü Dam reservoir. Using a geographical information system (GIS) solar analysis tool, annual monthly total global horizontal irradiance (GHI) values were calculated within reservoir’s shorelines based on 20-years observations. The regional theoretical capacity factor (RTCF) proposed in stud...

Realistic rendering of outdoor terrain requires both that the geometry of the environment be modeled accurately and that appropriate texturing by laid down on top of that geometry. While elevation data is widely available for much of the world and many methods exist for converting this data to forms suitable for graphics systems, we have much less experience with patterning the resulting surfac...

The effect of pre and post-anthesis shading (20% of incident radiation) on pericarp development, cotyledon cell number and seed growth dynamic of fruits from three positions in the capitulum (peripheral, mid and central) of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes were studied at two locations. Both shading treatments reduced pericarp weight, fruit volume and total yield per plant. Plants...