This paper presents an extraction of maximum energy from Solar Photovoltaic Array (SPVA) under partial shaded conditions by optimum selection of array size using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. In this paper a detailed study on the output reduction of different SPVA configurations under partial shaded conditions have been carried out. A generalized MATLAB M-code based software mode...

Researchers in the field of Computer Graphics are often confronted with the trade off between visual realism and computational cost. So far, Phong and Gouraud shading have been treated as well established methods and attempts have been made to improve visual realism or to reduce computational cost or both. These methods use linear interpolation to compute the normals or intensity, respectively,...

In this work, we describe an original method of solving the shape from shading (SFS) problem, which relies on the marriage of two simple ideas. On the one hand, we propose to modelize the scene by a parametric surface, namely a 3D-spline. The key advantage is that boundary conditions are no longer required to render the problem well-posed. On the other hand, we introduce the concept of ‘‘useful...

In computer vision, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve unprecedented performance for inverse problems where RGB pixel appearance is mapped to attributes such as positions, normals or reflectance. In computer graphics, screen space shading has boosted the quality of real-time rendering, converting the same kind of attributes of a virtual scene back to appearance, enabling effects like ...

A smooth object depicted in a photographwill often exhibit brightness variation, or shading. Various computational techniques have been developed that perform reasonably well in inferring shape from shading. However, these techniques typically require substantial prerequisite information if they are to evolve an estimate of surface shape. It is therefore interesting to consider how depth might ...

A wide range of software tools have been developed for visualising three-dimensional range data of topographic surfaces. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from photogrammetric measurements and from digitised contour maps are here used for illustration. To increase our understanding of the information content in DEMs in isolation or in combination with remotelysensed images and to facilit...

This paper introduces a framebuffer level of detail algorithm for controlling the pixel workload in an interactive rendering application. Our basic strategy is to evaluate the shading in a low resolution buffer and, in a second rendering pass, resample this buffer at the desired screen resolution. The size of the lower resolution buffer provides a trade-off between rendering time and the level ...

Quadratic shading has been proposed as a technique giving better results than Gouraud shading, but which is substantially faster than Phong shading. Several techniques for fitting a second order surface to six points have been proposed. We show in this paper how an approximation of the mid-edge samples can be done in a very efficient way. An approximation of the mid-edge vectors are derived. Se...

Abstract The temperature of the nutrient solution is one main obstacles hydroponic production in hot climates and can affect absorption plants. Additionally, cultivation cut flowers rarely done, hence, there a lack studies on this topic. objective experiment was to determine ideal as well influence plant density factor for NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) cultivar Girassol de Jardim Amarelo Alto, ...

Shape-from-shading algorithms that use a single image often find incorrect solutions because of ambiguity in the image shading. We describe a robust shape-from-shading algorithm using scale space tracking that can resolve most of these ambiguities by using two images taken from slightly different positions. Further improvements are obtained by combining stereo with shape-fromshading. Results ar...