The molecular mechanisms that sort migrating neural crest cells (NCCs) along a shared pathway into two functionally discrete structures, the dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia (SGs), are unknown. We report here that this patterning is attributable in part to differential expression of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. We show that (1) a distinct subset of ventrally migrating NCCs express ...

Field measurements are carried out to study statistical properties of the subgrid-scale (SGS) heat fluxes and SGS dissipation of temperature variance in the atmospheric surface layer, and to evaluate the ability of several SGS models to reproduce these properties. The models considered are the traditional eddy-diffusion model, the nonlinear (gradient) model, and a mixed model that is a linear c...

This paper presents a new dynamic one equation eddy viscosity model for LES of compressible flows. Based on the compressible version of dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM), the transport equation for sub-grid scale (SGS) kinetic energy (KE) is introduced to predict SGS KE, instead of the commonly used Yoshizawa’s model. The SGS KE transport equation for compressible flow is derived, and the unclose...

Streaming variational Bayes (SVB) is successful in learning LDA models in an online manner. However previous attempts toward developing online Monte-Carlo methods for LDA have little success, often by having much worse perplexity than their batch counterparts. We present a streaming Gibbs sampling (SGS) method, an online extension of the collapsed Gibbs sampling (CGS). Our empirical study shows...

Adapting Serious Games (SGs) plays an important role to offer personalized game experiences. A wellfitting approach to create adaptive SGs is based on Competence-based Knowledge Space Theory (CbKST). CbKST structures the SG activities with respect to knowledge and competences, and adaptation is based on suggesting activities that improve learners’ competences. However, differences among learner...

In this article, we aim to solve high-dimensional convex quadratic programming (QP) problems with a large number of terms, linear equality, and inequality constraints. To the targeted QP problem desired accuracy efficiently, consider restricted-Wolfe dual develop two-phase Proximal Augmented Lagrangian method (QPPAL), Phase I generate reasonably good initial point warm start II obtain an accura...

Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are currently the marine non-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfated glycans most studied in glycomics. These compounds exhibit therapeutic effects in several pathophysiological systems such as blood coagulation, thrombosis, neovascularization, cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. As analogs of the largely employed GAGs and due to some limi...

BACKGROUND During blood feeding, sand flies inject Leishmania parasites in the presence of saliva. The types and functions of cells present at the first host-parasite contact are critical to the outcome on infection and sand fly saliva has been shown to play an important role in this setting. Herein, we investigated the in vivo chemotactic effects of Lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the vector of L...

Poor households worldwide rely on savings groups (SGs) to satisfy their financial needs, yet very little is known about these groups’ ability to meet them. In this paper we develop a theoretical model illustrating the basic trade-offs in the functioning of SGs, and present stylized facts derived from the financial accounts of a sample of Ugandan SGs. The main conclusion from the theoretical mod...