Manual of Recommended Water Sanitation Practice. Public Health Rpts., 58: 69. CALDWELL, E. L., AND PARR, L. W. 1933 Pump infections under normal conditions in controlled experimental fields. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 25: 1107-1117. CALVERT, C. K. 1937 The streptococci test for pollution of water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 29i 683. CLEMESHA, W. W. 1912 The Bacteriology of Surface Waters in the T...

The composition of municipal wastewater and sewage sludge reflects the use and proliferation of elements and contaminants within society. In Sweden, official statistics show that concentrations of toxic metals in municipal sewage sludge have steadily decreased, by up to 90 %, since the 1970s, due to environmental programmes and statutory limits on metals in sludge and soil. Results from long-te...

The lack of potable water in arid countries leads to the use of treated sewage water (TSW) for crop growth. Mercury accumulation (up to 500 ng/g) in agricultural soil originating from daily irrigation with TSW was found at two sites fed separately from a hospital sewage plant and an industrial plant. A control site irrigated with potable water ([Hg] <0.01 ng/ml) had much reduced levels in soil ...

BACKGROUND Legislation for environmentally protecting surface waters in Poland and the EU is considered a priority because of the large human impact on this environmental feature in both highly industrialised countries as well as those that are agriculturally well developed. The biggest threats are regarded as being sewage arising from economic, industrial and agricultural pollution along with ...

Using panel data on water pollution in Brazilian rivers, we study inter-jurisdictional externalities when more jurisdictions start managing the same river segment. Counties split at each election cycle, which change the locations of borders. This allow us to identify the effects of border crossings and the spatial pattern of pollution as rivers approach borders, controlling for fixed effects an...

A recent survey has suggested that up to 25 OOO km of UK sewerage networks may be affected by inpipe sediment deposits. Field evidence indicates that, typically, up to 90% of the pollution load discharged from storm sewage overflows may be derived from the erosion of accumulated in-system sediment, commonly referred to as silt. A sewer flow quality simulation model is being developed under the ...

This research aims to investigate the pollution characteristic of PAHs in Xiaodian sewage irrigation area. The result shows that the concentrations of Σ PAHs range from 47.94 to 46432.85 ng/g while that of the total components of the 16 kinds of PAHs are 5969.81 ng/g. PAHs with for rings and more than 4 rings are the main and important pollutants in topsoils of Xiaodian District. The main input...

Analytical studies of the environment have dealt primarily with toxic materials that may affect the health of man. Studies may also be made to evaluate nuisance effects and economic factors associated with corrosion, staining and damage to plant and animal life. It is important to note that many so-called pollutants are also essential trace elements. Analytical studies of the environment, there...