Teacher training programs in EFL contexts pursue the goal of promoting teaching skills and critical dispositions in prospective and experienced teachers and their ability to reflect on and enhance their mediating roles to maximize learning outcomes. Yet, discrepancies in teachers’ roles during and after the programs are not uncommon and accentuate the need to assess outcomes. This quasi-experim...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the constrains related to production of flowers and ornamental plants in viewpoint of floriculturists in mahalat county. the statistical population of study consisted of all the floriculturist (n= 420) working in mahalat county a sample of 100 floriculturists was selected by use of cochran formula and random sampling technique. a questionnaire w...

In the context of translational science and comparative effectiveness research (CER), we discuss here practical applications and implications of the Cluster Randomized Stepped Wedge Blinded Controlled Trials (CRSWBCT). CRSWBCT is a type of pragmatic trial that attempts to minimize inherent design flaws, including information bias, inferential bias, selection bias, and reporting quality of trial...

As applied problems have grown more complex, statisticians have been gradually led to reconsider the foundations of statistical inference. The recently proposed inferential model (IM) framework of Martin, Zhang and Liu (2010) achieves an interesting compromise between the Bayesian and frequentist ideals. Indeed, inference is based on posterior probability-like quantities, but there are no prior...

the study was carried out to assess the implication of the use of selected information and communication technologies (icts) for extension service delivery in nigeria. the simple random technique was used to select fifty percent of the total extension agents which equivalent to forty-two respondents as sample size for the study. frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation were us...

background & aim: undoubtedly, the knowledge and skills of the employees lead to the survival of the organization. the purpose of this study is to investigate the important issues in designation and implementation of staff in-service training models to determine a framework for designing the efficient nursing continuing education models. methods & materials: this study is a structured review ba...

this is a descriptive comparative field study. the aim is to describe views of male nurses and teachers about increasing population and then compare the view with each other. sample was 40 male nurses and 40 male teachers which selected by simple random sampling. the tool for data gathering was a questionnaire with three parts. the first part was demographic data, the second and third part were...