Globally, human rotavirus (RV) remains the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children, causing 453,000 deaths per year and proximately 2.4 million hospitalization among children aged less than 5 years, with a maximum incidence in the developing countries [1-3]. Transmissions of RVs occur mainly via fecal-oral contact but it also might be transmitted by respiratory spread [4,5]. RV group A...

OBJECTIVE To identify serotypes and susceptibility of S. pneumoniae strains from 48 children with invasive infections and 50 carriers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Typing was performed by the Quellung reaction and susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer and Etest according to CLSI standards. RESULTS Of 31 meningeal strains, serotypes 19F, 3, 6B, 14 and 23F were predominant. Resistance to penicillin and STX w...

OBJECTIVE Several studies have focused on the relationship among serotype distribution, ethnical status and geographic populations, and periodontal conditions. Studies that have investigated the prevalence and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal status were reviewed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sys...

The polysaccharide capsule (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is the major serodeterminant of the Penner serotyping scheme. There are 47 Penner serotypes of C. jejuni, 22 of which fall into complexes of related serotypes. A multiplex PCR method for determination of capsule types of Campylobacter jejuni which is simpler and more affordable than classical Penner typing was developed. Primers specific ...

Although there are over 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, antimicrobial resistance is predominantly found in a limited number of serotypes/serogroups, namely 6, 9, 14, 19 and 23. There is no compelling mechanism to account for this restriction. We aimed to determine whether serotypes commonly associated with drug resistance have higher transformation frequencies than those that are susc...

aims: cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that can lead to severe dehydration and death. antibiotic resistance is a big challenge in infective disease like cholera. the present study aimed to understand the characteristics and trends of antibiotic resistance of v. cholerae isolations in and around kashan, iran. instrument & methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, samples were gath...

BACKGROUND We sought to characterize the temporal trends in nasopharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant pneumococci during a period with increased heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) coverage in Central Greece. METHODS Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were recovered from 2649 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from day-care center attendees in Central Greece during 2005-2009. A...

a total of 610 strains of shigellae isolated from cases of diarrhea in iran during 1962-73 were studied with respect to their phage type, as well as antibiotic resistance and transferable drug resistance along with serotyping. it was shown that there was some relation between serotypes and phage types but no association could be found between phage types and resistance pattern.

We present a case of invasive pneumococcal infection in a healthy 10-month-old infant from whom Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F was isolated from the blood and serotype 23B was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. Both serotypes were penicillin nonsusceptible. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the two serotypes had distinct DNA patterns, indicating that infecti...

Cronobacter species are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in neonates. The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) that form part of the outer membrane of such bacteria are possibly related to the virulence of particular bacterial strains. However, currently there is no clear overview of O-antigen diversity within the various Cronobacter strains and links with virulence...