Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a family of 17 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins that are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. SEs are considered potential bioweapons. Many Staphylococcus aureus isolates contain multiple SEs. Because of the large number of SEs, serological typing and PCR typing are laborious and ti...

Fluorescent antibody techniques, immunochemical methods and progress in areas like gnotobiology and allergy have greatly expanded our knowledge in the serology of bacteria, and serological tools are now often used for classification and identification of bacteria. Thirteen specialists have contributed to this most impressive volume that presents the latest information in the field. A discussion...

The diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection has been widely examined by serologics. In the first screening tests, serological false negative and positive samples have been reduced thanks to advances in assay techniques that apply new emission agents and sensors. On the other hand, western blot (WB) remains problematic. For example, WB analysis yields many samples equi...

in order to investigate the prevalence of mannheimia haemolytica infection in cattle, nasal andnasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained from 250 cattle after slaughter at ahvaz(southwestern iran) abattoir. nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured on blood agar and incubated at37°c for 24-48 h. the suspected bacterial cultures were processed for isolation of m. haemolytica follow...

Objective Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world that can persist and also ascend in the genital tract. This intracellular and silent infection is related to some adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage. The aims of this study were to explore the best CT screening tests using blood and vaginal samples and to investigate the corr...

Altlhough the literature on the immunology of Pasteurella pestis is extensive, relatively little attention has been given to the immunological specificity of colonial variants. This may have been due to difficulties encountered in the propagation of pure nonsmooth variants, and for this very reason their serological specificity might be considered to be of minor importance; colonial morphology ...

The 16 publications presented in this thesis summarise the author’s contribution to seroepidemiological approaches for the diagnosis and monitoring of animal diseases of importance to New Zealand. The first four publications not only contribute to the above in relation to three important animal pathogens, namely Brucella ovis, Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis and Bovine Leukaemia Virus...

The Italian workers D'Alessandro, Oddo, Comes, and Dardanoni (1949) and D'Alessandro and Dardanoni (1953) described the isolation of four serologically active components of Reiter's treponeme. These contributions represent milestones in the sero-diagnosis of syphilis since they were the initial systematic investigations into the serological components of treponemes. One of the components was co...

BACKGROUND Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, and ingesting eggs released through the faeces from infected dogs infects humans. The location of the hydatid cysts is mostly hepatic and/or pulmonary, whereas musculoskeletal hydatidosis is very rare. CASE PRESENTATION We report an unusual case of primary muscular hydatidosis in proximity of the big adductor in a young S...

During the 20th century, screening tests using nontreponemal lipoidal antigens have evolved from the old Wassermann test to such excellent ones as the VDRL and Kahn flocculation tests and the Kolmer complement-fixation test. These tests are easily performed in small laboratories and are almost invariably reactive in patients who have any form of active syphilis other than primary syphilis. Alth...