Studies conducted on 106 mithun at the National Research Centre on Mithun and 66 free-ranging mithun in Nagaland, India, revealed an infection rate with bluetongue virus of 86%, using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Animals were grouped according to their age: 36 of 1 to 2 years of age, 50 of 2 to 4 years of age and 86 aged 4 years and over. The highest i...

A preliminary serological survey was carried out to assess the likelihood of influenza A (IA) infection in wild boar and begin to characterize the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of the IA virus (IAV). Sera collected from 120 wild boar that were hunted in 2014 were tested. To detect antibodies to IA, a blocking the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used. Thirty boar were colle...

........................................................................... p. ii Dedication....................................................................... p.iv Acknowledgments............................................................... p. v Table of

In an outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection in a south Wales village 31 cases were identified over 16 months. Spread of the infection was by sharing needles and by sexual contact. Twenty seven patients were known to have symptoms, of whom nine had an anicteric illness. Generally the illness was mild with no deaths, and there was only one chronic carrier. Two patients were only transiently pos...

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic flavivirus causing viral encephalitis in humans and reproductive disorder in swine. JEV is prevalent throughout China in human; however, spatiotemporal analysis of JEV in Chinese swine herds has not been reported previously. Herein, we present serological and molecular epidemiological results and estimates of prevalence of JEV infe...

The advantages, disadvantages, and uses of serological epidemiology are discussed in relation to acute respiratory infections in military personnel. The prevalence of antibody reflects both current and past experience with respiratory agents and is a measure of susceptinility. Incidence data calculated by testing two serial serum samples, on entry and discharge from the service, has indicated...

Surveillance programmes based on laboratory screening tests are increasingly used to document freedom from disease in order to facilitate trade. The following aspects must be considered when designing such programmes: diseases to be selected; epidemiology of the diseases; unit of analysis (animal or herd); target age group (or target farm type); test characteristics and sample size. Issues rela...

Middle Point orbivirus (MPOV) was isolated in 1998 from a healthy cow pastured at Beatrice Hill farm, Middle Point (formerly Coastal Plains Research Station), 50 km east of Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. The isolate could not be identified by using conventional serological tests, and electron microscopy indicated that it belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus. Genetic sequ...

A retrospective study was done to determine the epidemiology of infection and/or colonization due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Brazilian general hospital. In 1966, 1968, and 1969, there were only two instances where probable cross-contamination was shown; the remaining isolates were unrelated. In late 1971 the hospital experienced a marked increase in P. aeruginosa isolation. Contaminated dex...

The paper reviews the serological methods employed in the estimation of HIV incidence based on cross-sectional studies, as well as the main findings from studies carried out in Brazil that have used such methods. Each method is briefly described, as well as their advantages and limitations. The different methods are also analyzed as a set of complementary but sometimes contradictory strategies ...