Railways need to be safe and, at the same time, should offer high capacity. While the notion of safety is well understood in the railway domain, the meaning of capacity is understood only on an intuitive and informal level. In this study, we show how to define and analyse capacity in a rigorous way. Our modelling approach builds on an established modelling technique in the process algebra Csp f...

Security properties such as conndentiality and authenticity may be considered in terms of the ow of messages within a network. To the extent that this characterisation is justiied, the use of a process algebra such as Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) seems appropriate to describe and analyse them. This paper explores ways in which security properties may be described as CSP speciication...

Process algebra CSP only permits a process to engage in one event on a moment and records this single event into the traces of the process. CSP cannot process events simultaneously, it treat the events occurred simultaneously as one single event. We modify CSP to process the events occurred simultaneously, which is called communicating concurrent processes (CCP).

The development of controlled synthesis protocols of nanostructured materials with tailored particle size and shape has been a significant research area in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Much innovative research efforts had been focused on finding suitable chemical reagents and synthetic methodologies that offer opportunities to produce the desired structure-function controlled nanomaterials. ...

Accumulation of reserve materials in filling grains involves the coordination of different metabolic and cellular processes, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interconnections remains a major challenge for proteomics. Rice (Oryza sativa) is an excellent model for studying grain filling because of its importance as a staple food and the available genome sequence database....

the nanoparticles of ti and tio2 have attracted extensive research interest because of their diverse applications in, for instance, catalysis, energy conversion, pigment and cosmetic manufacturing and biomedical engineering. through this project, a one-step bulk synthesis method of electromagnetic levitational gas condensation (elgc) was utilized for the synthesis of monodispersed and crystalli...

The paper deals with synthesis of sequential circuits defined by their algorithmic state machine notation. Such circuits have a number of specific properties which enable efficient design of the circuits by utilizing so-called linearization techniques. A typical linearization technique includes calculation of autocorrelation values for a system of logic functions corresponding to the circuit. F...