Nearly two thirds of the approximately 700 species of living salamanders are lungless. These species respire entirely through the skin and buccopharyngeal mucosa. Lung loss dramatically impacts the configuration of the circulatory system but the effects of evolutionary lung loss on cardiac morphology have long been controversial. For example, there is presumably little need for an atrial septum...

Roger' in 1879 was the first to describe a congenital defect of the heart in which symptoms were absent, although definite, constant, and characteristic physical signs were present. An interesting feature of his description was that his observations were unsupported by an autopsy on the case that he described. However, so definite was the syndrome that Dupre", who verified a case at autopsy in ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact atrial septum and to evaluate the relationship of atrial morphology, left atrial decompression pathway and lung histopathology to outcome. BACKGROUND In the hypoplastic left heart syndrome, severe restriction at the atrial level results in marked systemic hypoxemia af...

acute left atrial thrombosis at the site of the resection of the primary cribriform septum is an exceedingly rare and important complication after atrial septal defect (asd) closure with a pericardial or synthetic patch. this case report presents a mobile thrombus noted on the left atrium at the raw surface site of a resected cribriform primary septum that was not caught in the suture line with...

Increasingly sophisticated echocardiographic procedures are revealing previously unknown details of well known structures such as the interventricular septum.

Congenital aneurysms of the interventricular septum were found in a 29 year old man and his four year old son. Both were symptom free. In both, M mode and cross sectional echocardiography showed an aneurysm in the mid-muscular trabecular portion of the ventricular septum with considerable paradoxical motion of the aneurysmal segment. Otherwise the chamber dimensions, intracardiac structures, an...

Aneurysm of the interventricular membranous septum is a very rare cardiac anomaly in the absence of ventricular septal defect. We report the case of a 22-year-old man with aneurysm of the interventricular membranous septum incidentally determined during aortic valve surgery. The patient underwent successful aortic valve replacement and aneurysm repair. Patients with the aneurysm of the interven...

The incidence of vaginal septum is rare. The infrequency of this anomaly makes accurate estimates of the true incidence very difficult to obtain. Diagnosis is based on careful historyand examination. This is the case of a patient who presented with transverse vaginal septum in labour and breech presentation. The septum was resected and the foetus delivered normally. Careful vaginal examination ...

Septal corrections form an important step in rhinoplastic surgery. Not only for functional, but also for aesthetic surgery the septum deserves attention. In the past the septum has been submitted to resection of bone and cartilage with sometimes even negative functional and cosmetic consequences. Nowadays, because of its supporting function, one tries in a septoplasty to operate as conservative...