The object people perceive in an image can depend on its orientation relative to the scene it is in (its reference frame). For example, the images of the symbols × and + differ by a 45 degree rotation. Although real scenes have multiple images and reference frames, psychologists have focused on scenes with only one reference frame. We propose an ideal observer model based on nonparametric Bayes...

the main objective of this study is to swing krull intersection theorem in primary decomposition of rings and modules to the primary decomposition of soft rings and soft modules. to fulfill this aim several notions like soft prime ideals, soft maximal ideals, soft primary ideals, and soft radical ideals are introduced for a soft ring over a given unitary commutative ring. consequently, the p...

let r be a commutative ring with identity. let n and k be two submodules of a multiplication r-module m. thenn=im and k=jm for some ideals i and j of r. the product of n and k denoted by nk is defined by nk=ijm. inthis paper we characterize some particular cases of multiplication modules by using the product of submodules.

in this paper, we introduce the notion of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})− fuzzy subnear-ring which is a generalization of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy subnear-ring. we have given examples which are ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})−fuzzy ideals but they are not ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy ideals. we have also introduced the notions of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ ...

in this paper, by introducing two virtual decision-making units (dmus) called ideal dmu (idmu) and anti-ideal dmu (admu) with fuzzy inputs-outputs, the efficiency evaluation of dmus are done by fuzzy data envelopment analysis (fdea). therefore, we evaluate dmus from the perspective of the best and worst possible relative efficiency. for each dmu two efficiencies are calculated while inputs and ...

Detection of intensity flashes in the blowfly photoreceptor is limited by photon noise in the input signal as well as noise contributed by transduction components within the photoreceptor. Our analysis uses an ideal observer and a model of blowfly phototransduction to compute the threshold for optimal detection of intensity flashes as background intensity varies. We find that detection threshol...