objective: as we are approaching the global eradication of wild poliovirus, laboratory surveillance of poliovirus by the gold standard cell culture method becomes increasingly important. as there is a lot of concern about accurate and sensitive detection of imported wild and vaccine derived polioviruses (vdpvs) in polio-free countries, in this study we assessed and compared the sensitivity of t...

The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the in vitroantimicrobial sensitivity test results of subclinical mastitis pathogensand bacteriological cure following intramammary treatment using a combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin (NPS). Eighty-six intramammary pathogens from 43 cows were examined inthis study. Most intramammary...

introduction: estrogen and progesterone are supposed to modify pain sensitivity. however, the actual role of each of these steroid hormones in this respect is not well known. plasma concentrations of these hormones show variation during estrous cycle. the role of alpha2 receptors in tonic pain has been pointed out. the aim of the present study was to investigate the agonist and antagonist effec...

conclusions this results of the study show that the most contamination in nicus is from gram-negative bacteria and ciprofloxacin is the most effective antibiotic for treatment. thus, the control of infections in nicus in hospitals is very important. results during the seven-month study on 105 samples, including 85 (81%) urine samples and 20 (19%) blood samples, 81 samples (77.1%) were gram-nega...