Discussions concerning which literacy skills will be required of students in the 21st century have appeared in numerous educational publications recently and have been greeted with mixed reactions (Bellanca & Brandt, 2010; Trilling & Fadel, 2009). It has been proposed that the skills necessary to be a literate citizen in the new millennium have expanded from simply being able to read and write ...

This volume marks a double anniversary. It is the 50th volume of Oriens Extremus, which has been published at the University of Hamburg since 1954. And its publication coincides with the 70th birthday of Hans Stumpfeldt, Emeritus Professor of Sinology at this university and long-time editor of Oriens Extremus. It is most fitting that this volume be dedicated to him, who has set the tone and tem...

with the growth of social,cultural and religious exchanges in the world, the translation of religious-islamic texts into german has been spreading in iran.in this way,there is a special sensitivity in translation that the translators face and difficulties which are sometimes insolvable.this sensitivity involves both the structure and content of the texts, because errors and mistakes in the tran...

With their landmark architectures, exhibitions and museums of science technology partake in the spatial inscription twentieth century landscapes. Unlike other beacons progress, double up, inside, as material arrangements objects, visuals texts aiming to confer meaning onto modern world. They both embody seek order spectacle modernity while often being deployed with aim promoting particular visi...

Most spoken texts that are used in second language (L2) listening classroom activities are scripted texts, where the text is written, revised, polished, and then read aloud with artificially clear enunciation and slow rate of speech. This article explores the field’s overreliance on these scripted texts, at the expense of including unscripted spoken texts that have very different textual and ph...

The use of the sentiment analysis technique, which aims to extract emotions and thoughts from texts, has become a remarkable research topic today, where importance human-robot interaction is gradually increasing. In this study, new hybrid model proposed using machine learning algorithms increase emotional performance for Turkish question answer systems. context, as first, we apply text preproce...

The term of kafir is one the most sensitive and controversial terms in religious texts. In texts such as Qur'an Bible, discussed or mentioned. However, discussion framework a comparative study between two holy books still rare, especially those that relate it to Indonesian context. This aimed fill gap. By doing so, gained better understanding from perspective scriptures. was literature suppleme...

This paper describes our submission to the Intent Discovery task at the NTCIR-9. By treating the source and target documents of anchor texts as nodes, we utilized the anchor texts between the nodes as edges in a documents–anchors graph representation of the corpus. We extracted and indexed anchor links information from the provided SogouT corpus. Using the queries, anchor texts are retrieved fr...

Parallel texts are texts in different languages that can be considered translational equivalent. We introduce the notion ‘massively parallel text’ for such texts that have translations into very many languages. In this introduction we discuss some massively parallel texts that might be used for the investigation of linguistic diversity. Further, a short summary of the articles in this issue is ...