Die heersende debat oor die postkoloniale teologie is vir sending van groot belang. sendingprojek negentiende en twintigste eeue het dikwels ten nouste met kolonialisme, wat tans sterk gekritiseer word, saamgeloop. Alle vorme magsoorheersing moet volgens verskeie denkers dus afgewys word. sluit hierby aan deur te toon dat oorheersing mag in voorkom, ook Eurosentrisme was essensieel deel kolonia...

This paper presents our work with an ODMRP (on demand multicast Routing Protocol) to extend its functionality to work with asymmetric links in a Linux Environment. We were given the functional code for the ODMRP protocol, as well as a test-bed to work with which consisted of five Dell Lattitude laptops equipped with Lucent Wireless PCMCIA 802.11 cards. Our implementation consists of adding to t...

In wireless sensor networks, optimal consumptionof energy and having maximum life time are important factors. In this article attempt has been made to send the data packets with particular reliability from the beginning based on AODV protocol. In this way two new fields add to the routing packets and during routing and discovering of new routes, the lowest remained energy of nodes and route tra...

Shrew Attacks or Low Rate Denial of Service(LDoS) Attacks are initiated by sending large amount of packets for very short span of time such that the packet sending rate crosses the link capacity resulting in network congestion. Compared to Denial of Service (DoS) Attack, LDoS attack is very difficult to be detected because, the attacker can maintain low average packet sending rate while executi...

Forward Error Correcting (FEC) is one of the technique is used for controlling errors without sending any retransmission to sender. Example of forward error correcting codes are hamming, lower-density parity-check (LDPC), tail-biting convolutional, turbo codes. Many wireless systems such as worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), long term evolution (LTE) and enhanced data rate...