OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of milk and fluoridated milk on bacterially induced caries-like lesions. SAMPLE AND METHODS Extracted impacted human molars were cut in half and covered with a varnish leaving a 4*4 mm window. The samples were coated with biofilm of S. sobrinus and were further divided into three experimental groups of S. sobrinus, S. sobrinus...

Identification of chemical constituents of calculus is important in the diagnosis and management of urolithiasis. The compositional variability of uroliths has different etiologies and requires various modes of treatment and prophylaxis. In the present study, we report the chemical compositional analyses of calculi recovered from buck and bullock by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive...

The fossil record of lichens is scarce and many putative fossil lichens do not show an actual physiological relationship between mycobionts and photobionts or a typical habit, and are therefore disputed. Amber has preserved a huge variety of organisms in microscopic fidelity, and so the study of amber fossils is promising for elucidating the fossil history of lichens. However, so far it has not...

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to compare the in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) of commercially available dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity, according to ISO 23317, of commercially available dental implants with various surface modifications (BIO-surface, SLA, SLActive, TiUnite, and OsseoSpeed) was tested in SBF for 1 and 3 weeks. Surface characterization...

Zuotai (gTso thal) is one of the famous drugs containing mercury in Tibetan medicine. However, little is known about the chemical substance basis of its pharmacodynamics and the intrinsic link of different samples sources so far. Given this, energy dispersive spectrometry of X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were u...

Aggregation of microbes with particles can reduce the effectiveness of ultraviolet UV disinfection. This study evaluated the comparative impact of dispersed spores, dispersed spores mixed with clay particles nonaggregated , spore–spore aggregates, and spore– clay aggregates on UV disinfection performance in simulated drinking waters. Aggregates were induced by flocculation with alum and charact...

A capillary-enforced template-based method has been applied to fabricate calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12, CCTO) nanotubes (diameter ~200 nm) by filling sol-gel CCTO precursor solution into the nanochannels of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, subsequent heating for phase formation and finally the removal of nano-channel templates by applying basic solution. X-ray diffraction (X...

Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease infecting 50–100 million people every year. Here, we biosynthesised mosquitocidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the aqueous leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa. The green synthesis of AgNP was studied by UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX and FTIR. C. verrucosa-synthesised AgNPs were toxic against A. aegypti larvae and ...

The aim of this study was to determine specific distribution of metals in the termite Tumulitermes tumuli (Froggatt) and identify specific organs within the termite that host elevated metals and therefore play an important role in the regulation and transfer of these back into the environment. Like other insects, termites bio-accumulate essential metals to reinforce cuticular structures and uti...