CONTEXT AND AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of ProTaper (PT) and Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess their performance in oval-shaped root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two mandibular premolars with single oval canals were divided into two experimental groups (n = 31) according to the system...

Background: Mixing in traditional algae culture system consumes intensive electricity. This should be replaced by nature force to reduce energy cost and, more importantly, to realize positive energy balance of algal biofuel production. This study aims to develop a horizontal photobioreactor, in which mixing can be provided with rocking movement driven by nature force. Results: Simple boxes were...

The endocrine cytokine leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue and plasma leptin levels positively correlate with body fat mass. Via its action on neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), leptin regulates body weight by stimulating energy expenditure and inhibiting food intake. The main signaling pathway of the leptin receptor is the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. A recent publication ...

Male Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) used their aristae to repeatedly tap the female, usually on her aristae, during the second stage of head rocking courtship. The male’s antennae moved in an apparently exploratory manner earlier in head rocking. Reduced rates of copulation followed removal of male and female aristae, supporting the idea that tapping with the aristae is a...

1 Overview To provide context for the discussions of centering that appear in this volume, we review our previous research on global focusing and centering and discuss central unsolved problems in the theory of centering. This paper does not provide a comprehensive review of work on centering, as this volume in its entirety serves that purpose. Rather we present our view of the history of cente...

This study compared the shaping ability of five Ni-Ti rotary files (ProTaper Universal, Reciproc, Hyflex CM, ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive) in simulated root canals. Each group consisted of 10 root canals. Preand post-instrumentation photographs were taken using a precise camera and superimposed with Photoshop. Material removal from the inner and outer canal walls, transportation and centering ...

The analysis of double-crystal x-ray rocking curves of single-crystal layered structures can give valuable information on layer strains, displacement of atoms from normal lattice sites (which reduces the structure factor), crystallographic misorientations, and crystal defects. Both strains and misorientations cause shifts in the Bragg angle. These two effects are readily separated using two or ...