colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the world and the second cancer-related death, many molecular and genetic aspects of this disease have been cleared as chromosomal instability and the role of some key proteins as wnt/? catenin, trypsin and others. also recently the role of folate turnover and some neurotransmitters as serotonin were also considered. the scope of this re...

introduction: most of the hematologic malignancies are heterogenous with regard to morphology, immunophenotype, and genetic rearrangements. multiple recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been identified by conventional cytogenetic analysis, which is now widely recognized as one of the most important diagnostic and prognostic determinants in these patients. patients and methods: bone marrow sam...

absract intracranial invasion of cellular blue nevus (cbn) from the skin is extremely rare and such a condition with malignant transformation is even rarer. a case of meningeal melanoma with malignant transformation which was derived from an ota nevus is presented in this report. a21-year-old man with a neurocutaneous syndrome since childhood was referred with headache and mild left hemiparesia...

zosteriform metastasis is a rare clinical distribution from spreading neoplasms of every organ to the skin. tumors most often arise from a n internal o r hematologic malignancy. w e report a 69-year-old man, a known case of malignant melanoma of the left heel. in this case, multiple red-brown metastatic nodules appeared four months after diagnosis. distribution of metastatic lesions resembled a...

brunner’s gland hamartoma is a rare benign tumour of the duodenum. it was first described by cruveilhier in 1835. presently around 200 cases have been reported in literature. no sex predilection is seen. patients usually present in the fifth to sixth decades of life. they may be clinically silent or may present with variable symptoms and occasionally obstructive symptoms and chronic pancreatiti...

Needle biopsy of the parietal pleura was undertaken in 64 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion. An adequate specimen was obtained in 96% of procedures. This was diagnostic in 45% of those due to malignancy and in 50% of those due to tuberculosis. A second biopsy improved the combined diagnostic yield in these two diseases from 32% to 46%. Pleural fluid cytology was unhelpful in establishi...

The identification of an incidental (i.e. unexpected and asymptomatic) lesion can create a dilemma for the clinician and radiologist. The incidental abnormality may represent metastatic disease, a second primary malignancy or a benign lesion. The diagnosis and management of such incidental findings will depend in part on the clinical setting, the pathology and stage of underlying primary malign...

Pathogenesis Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy involving the pathologic proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma cells. It is the second most common hematologic malignancy behind non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with an annual incidence of 4–7 cases per 100,000 in the United States. Clinical symptoms are due to osteolysis of the bone, suppression of normal hematopoiesis, and the o...

BACKGROUND The etiology of secondary cancer in childhood cancer survivors is largely unclear. Exposure of normal somatic cells to radiation and/or chemotherapy can damage DNA and if not all DNA lesions are properly fixed, the mis-repair may lead to pathological consequences. It is plausible to assume that genetic differences, i.e. in the pathways responsible for cell cycle control and DNA repai...