Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are considered a major contributor to membrane biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants. The presence of HABs the raw feed water leads an increase fouling rate, chemical consumption, and can cause temporary shutdown Effective pretreatment reduce amount organic foulants reaching RO alleviate problem flux decline during operation frequent clean...

A scheme for large-scale dew collection as a source of fresh water supply is outlined in the present paper. The scheme envisages bringing cold seawater (5C) from about 500 meters depth and about 5 km from the shore, in four, 1.22 m diameter plastic pipes. It then passes through an onshore heat exchanger field with an area of 1.29 X 10 m (1.39 X 10 ft) where it condenses 643 m of dew over the 24...

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) can harness the Gibbs free energy of mixing when fresh river water flows into the sea for sustainable power generation. In this study, we carry out a thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of RED power generation, and assess the membrane power density. First, we present a reversible thermodynamic model for RED and verify that the theoretical maximum extractab...

Water scarcity threatens the health and development of countries worldwide due to rapid expansion population climate change, pushing government find more innovative sustainable ways address water stress. Governments have adopted reverse Osmosis (RO) seawater desalination technology for its cheap raw intake stability. However, environmental financial sustainability remains disputable. In this st...

Model-based control and monitoring such as feed-forward/feedback control, fault detection and isolation (FDI), and fault-tolerant control (FTC) techniques that utilize Lyapunov-based control laws are implemented on a high recovery reverse osmosis desalination plant model. A detailed mathematical model of a high recovery reverse osmosis plant is developed. This model incorporates the large spati...

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive approach for producing clean hydrogen fuel in scenarios where freshwater scarce and renewable electricity abundant. However, chloride ions (Cl-) seawater can accelerate electrode corrosion participate the undesirable chlorine evolution reaction (CER). This problem especially acute acidic conditions that naturally arise at anode as a result of desired oxyge...

Perth will run out of available sustainable natural water resources by 2015 if nothing is done to slow usage rates, according to a Western Australian study [1]. Alternative water technology options need to be considered for the long-term guaranteed supply of water for agricultural, commercial, domestic and industrial purposes. Seawater is an alternative source of water for human consumption, be...

A mathematical model of Reverse Osmosis membranes is proposed for use in the testing and comparison of control strategies in Reverse Osmosis plants. The model has been developed so that it can be used within off-the-shelf software and the parameters are simple to obtain from available plant measurements. Some simulations of the proposed model show that it correctly reproduces the expected proce...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is being increasingly utilized throughout the world for desalination due to the latest improvements in RO membrane performance and its reduced cost compared to thermal desalination. In this paper, Different media and chemicals have been used for Iron removal to prevent membrane fouling of groundwater reverse osmosis plant located in Shupramant-Giza. The objective is to pres...

We have designed a porous nanofluidic desalination device, a rotating carbon nanotube membrane filter (RCNT-MF), for the reverse osmosis desalination that can turn salt water into fresh water. The concept as well as design strategy of RCNT-MF is modeled, and demonstrated by using molecular dynamics simulation. It has been shown that the RCNT-MF device may significantly improve desalination effi...