we measured the impacts of coastal modification on beach erosion and beach retreat conditions, selecting the miankaleh region as an example of a complex high-pressure free zone with high levels of engineering and tourism activity. nine sampling transects, stretching from the shoreline to a 10 meter depth, were defined and 36 sediment samples were collected from the sea bed at depths of 1, 3, 5,...

Historical and projected sea-levels for islands in the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans are a subject of considerable interest and some controversy. The large variability (e.g. El Niño) signals and the shortness of many of the individual tide-gauge records contribute to uncertainty of historical rates of sea-level rise. Here, we determine rates of sea-level rise from tide gauges in the region...

In five men with a history of susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were measured at sea level, and again 24 hours following ascent to an altitude of 3,100 m. At sea level, all findings were essentially normal including a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) of 13.8 + 1.9 mm Hg. None of the subjects developed clinically detectable pulm...

Simultaneously long short (SLS) feedback trading strategies are known to yield positive expected gain by zero initial investment for price processes governed by, e.g., geometric Brownian motion or Merton’s jump diffusion model. In this paper, we generalize these results to positive prices with stochastically independent multiplicative growth and constant trend in discrete and continuous time as...

1. Bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana) and rats have been subjected to high barometric pressures and studied for bubble formation on subsequent decompression to sea level. Pressures varying from 3 to 60 pounds per square inch, in excess of atmospheric pressure, were used. 2. Muscular activity after decompression is necessary for bubble formation in bullfrogs after pressure treatment throughout the abov...

In using any radiometric system, such as GPS, to determine terrestrial positions, it is necessary to account for the propagation delay of the neutral atmosphere (mainly the troposphere) if accuracies better than a few meters are needed. The zenith delay at sea level due to the hydrostatic (‘‘dry’’) component of the troposphere is about 2.3 m. By definition, this contribution can be determined f...

We have previously demonstrated that acclimatization to high altitude elicits increased sympathetic nerve activity in men. The purpose of this investigation was to determine 1) whether women respond in a similar manner as found previously in men and 2) the extent to which menstrual cycle phase influences this response. Sixteen eumenorrheic women (age, 23.6 +/- 1.2 yr; weight, 56.2 +/- 4. 3 kg) ...

introduction shamal winds recognized as a climate regime with a common occurrence in the persian gulf makes periodically adverse weather conditions in this region. among the phenomena occurring under the influence of shamal wind, we can mention dust storms, low-level winds and turbulent marine conditions (rao, 2003). shamal winds are categorized into two types, winter shamal and summer shamal. ...