AIM To study the optical properties of human normal small intestine tissue at 476.5 nm, 488 nm, 496.5 nm, 514.5 nm, 532 nm, 808 nm wavelengths of laser irradiation. METHODS A double-integrating-sphere system, the basic principle of measuring technology of light radiation, and an optical model of biological tissues were used in the study. RESULTS The results of measurement showed that there ...

A theoretical framework is developed for scattering of scalar radiation from stationary, three-dimensional media with correlation functions potentials obeying $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. It illustrated that, unlike in deterministic $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric media, its stationary generalization involves two mechanisms leading to symmetry breaking the statistics scattered radiation, one stemming comp...

PURPOSE To measure the attenuation effectiveness and minimize the weight of new non-Pb radiation shielding materials used for radiation protection by interventional radiology (IR) physicians, to compare the accuracy of the different standard measurement geometries of these materials, and to determine x-ray qualities that correspond to the scattered radiation that IR physicians typically encount...

We undertook this study to determine the amount of scattered radiation received by the primary surgeon, assistant and patient during dynamic hip screw fixation for proximal femoral fractures. Data was collected from fifty patients. Five registrars were included as operating surgeon and four senior house officers as assistant surgeon. Radiation was monitored by thermo luminescent dosimeters plac...