Scapular winging, one of the more common scapulothoracic disorders, is caused by a number of pathologic conditions. It can be classified as primary, secondary, or voluntary. Primary scapular winging may be due to neurologic injury, pathologic changes in the bone, or periscapular soft-tissue abnormalities. Secondary scapular winging occurs as a result of glenohumeral and subacromial conditions a...

Surface charge dissipation on insulator surfaces can reduce local charging potentials thereby preventing ion trajectory deflection at the bottom of trenches that leads to lateral sidewall etching ~notching!. We perform detailed Monte Carlo simulations of pattern-dependent charging during etching in high-density plasmas with the maximum sustainable surface electric field as a parameter. Signific...

Forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) is theorized to contribute to alterations in scapular kinematics and muscle activity leading to the development of shoulder pain. However, reported differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activity in those with forward head and rounded shoulder posture are confounded by the presence of shoulder pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study wa...

STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study using a single-group, repeated-measures design. OBJECTIVES To investigate scapular kinematics during both constrained and functional shoulder movements. BACKGROUND Abnormal scapulothoracic joint motion has been associated with pathologies such as shoulder impingement. Constrained protocols are commonly used in the measurement of shoulder kinematics; ...

The angiocardiograms of 17 patients with aortic arch interruption are reviewed to emphasize the variations in arch interruption and origin of the brachiocephalic vessels, and collateral circulation to the descending aorta. Depending on the anatomical type and subtype of arch interruption, collateral flow to the descending aorta in the presence of a stenotic or closed ductus will be dependent on...

From the Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences & Research, Bangalore, India. Manuscript received September 27, 2012; accepted October 2, 2012. A19-year-old male with cyanosis and clubbing was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Chest x-ray (A) showed prominent rib notching involving the left hemithorax (arrow). Major aortopulmonary collaterals (arrows...

HYPOTHESIS In this study, we aim to test whether scapular winging results in a significant change in glenohumeral translation in the initial phase of the throwing motion. METHODS Six shoulders underwent an abbreviated throwing motion (ATM) from late cocking to the end of acceleration by use of a validated robotic system. The intact specimens were tested to establish a baseline. The position o...

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of trapezius muscle isometric strength on three-dimensional scapular kinematics in asymptomatic shoulders. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty asymptomatic subjects were included to the study. Isometric strengths of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscle were measured using a handheld dynamometer. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics was re...

Proper scapular motion is crucial for normal shoulder mechanics. Scapular motion affects glenohumeral joint function during throwing, yet little is known about this dynamic activity. Asymptomatic subjects (10 male and 10 female), ages 21 to 45, were analyzed. Electromagnetic surface sensors on the sternum, acromion, and humerus were used to collect 3-D motion data during three trials of low-vel...