This research presents the kinetics of saponification reaction using mixed fats olein and stearin [in ratio (3:1)] with NaOH solution. In this reaction, excess solution was used to ensure being irreversible. Three parameters were varied show their effects on rate .They are: percentage (10 % - 100 %) , temperature (100-150)oC stirring speed (400-1100) rpm. It noticed that increasing enhances whi...

A rapid and easy-to-perform method for the screening and confirmation of estrogens, gestagens and androgens (EGAs) in kidney fat has been developed. In this investigation only 5 g of fat was needed. After extraction with acetonitrile the steroid phase was defatted using n-hexane. Followed by a saponification step, the sample extract was purified by solid phase extraction. After derivatisation a...

A flexible synthetic route to (R)-harmonine ((R)-1), the toxic principle of the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (H. axyridis), via reductive olefination of the macrocyclic lactone (S)-5, is reported. High enantiomeric purity is achieved by enantioselective saponification of the lactone rac-5 with horse liver esterase. Minor modifications in the synthetic route give access to racemic and chi...

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) were evaluated for some physical properties and chemical composition. Ripe fruits were determined for moisture (2.71 %), crude protein (14.6 %) crude fibre (1.8 %) ash (1.57 %), crude energy (576 Cal) ether soluble extract (24.71 %), nut (10.5 g) and kernel (5.09 g) veights. Relative density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification number, un...

Extraction of oil from the seed of Blighia unijugata gave a yield of 50.82 ± 1.20% using hexane in a soxhlet extractor. The iodine and saponification values were 67.60 ± 0.80 g iodine/100 g and 239.20 ± 1.00 mg KOH/g respectively with C18:1 being the dominant fatty acid. Unsaturated methyl esters of Blighia unijugata which had been previously subjected to urea adduct complexation was used to sy...

Cholesterol, in 0.1 gram amounts, melted in a compact mass and inserted into the subcutaneous tissues of the back of the guinea pig, is slowly removed, as determined by chemical analyses. The rate of removal is probably greatly dependent upon the physical state of the cholesterol. The quantitative estimation of cholesterol by the method previously described can not be shortened and simplified b...