BACKGROUND Arthroscopic treatment of tears in the middle and posterior parts of the medial meniscus can be difficult when the medial tibiofemoral compartment is tight. Passage of the instruments may damage the cartilage. The primary objective of this cadaver study was to perform an arthroscopic evaluation of medial tibiofemoral compartment opening after pie-crusting release (PCR) of the superfi...

To characterize the pathology of epidermal nerve degeneration and regeneration, we investigated temporal and spatial changes in skin innervation of the mouse footpad. Within 24 hours after sciatic nerve axotomy, terminals of epidermal nerves appeared swollen and there was a mild reduction in epidermal nerve density (5.7 +/- 2.8 vs 12.7 +/- 2.2 fibers/mm, p < 0.04). Epidermal nerves completely d...

The conducted action potential of mixed somatic nerve when recorded, after amplification, by the cathode ray oscillograph exhibits waves, the more constant and prominent of which, for the sake of convenience, have been designated alpha, beta, gamma and delta’ in the order of their n signated appearance (Erlanger, Gasser and Bishop, 1924). These waves have l i always been confluent, with the exc...

Anatomic, histologic and ultrasound studies demonstrate two distinct types of longitudinal veins in the lower extremities. The great saphenous vein is deep to the saphenous fascia. Accessory saphenous veins are superficial to this layer, have thin walls with diminished muscle cells and elastic fibers. Vein characteristics may affect long-term graft patency. This study assesses the incidence of ...

The popliteal sciatic nerve block is a form of regional anesthesia most commonly used as a form of postoperative analgesia. It has shown to be effective for 15-20 hours postoperatively. It can also be used for various foot and ankle pathologies including fracture and dislocation reduction, exploration of foreign bodies, and bedside incision and drainage. The popliteal sciatic nerve block has an...

BACKGROUND The authors report the results of preserving the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to prevent lateral skin numbness. METHODS All 100 cases had medial compartmental osteoarthritis and a minimally invasive technique had been used. The mean follow-up duration was two years and eight months (range, 24 to 42 months). RESULTS The clas...

Proinsulin C-peptide treatment can partially prevent nerve dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rats and patients. This could be due to a direct action on nerve fibers or via vascular mechanisms as C-peptide stimulates the nitric oxide (NO) system and NO-mediated vasodilation could potentially account for any beneficial C-peptide effects. To assess this further, we examined neurovascular function in ...

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible Nitric oxide Synthase (iNOS) have an effect on neuropathic pain in the inflammatory process peripheral nerve injuries. AIM: This study aims to examine of anti-IL-6 receptor antibody IL-6 iNOS levels as a consideration for treatment rat model injury. METHODS: Twenty-eight young adult male Wistar rats were treated injury then divided into two groups....

Axoplasmic changes were studied in the saphenous nerve of the albino rat during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration. The axons were examined at 0, 24, and 48 hours after the surgical transection of the nerve. The material was fixed in 2 per cent OsO(4) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2-7.5) with sucrose (added to a final osmolar concentration of approximately 0.37 M). The earliest changes were...

The hand can be anesthetized effectively with blocks of the median, ulnar, or radial nerve. Each digit is supplied by four digital nerves, which can be blocked with injections on each side of the digit. Anterior or posterior ankle blocks can be used for regional anesthesia for the foot. The anterior ankle block, which is used for procedures on the dorsum of the foot, involves blocking the saphe...