Little is known about the feeding behavior of hematophagous insects that require plant sugar to complete their life cycles. We studied plant feeding of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, known vectors of Leishmania infantum/chagasi parasites, in a Brazilian city endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. The DNA barcode technique was applied to identify plant food source of wild-caught L. longipalpis ...

Abstract— In recent days the demand for river sand is increasing due to its lesser availability. Hence the practice of replacing river sand with M-Sand is taking a tremendous growth. It is also inferred from the literature that replacement of normal sand with M-Sand produces no appreciable increase in compressive strength due to the variation in the pore size of concrete at micro level. This pa...

Sediment deprivation from dam installments contributes to beach erosion yet the underlying physical and economic factors linking them together have traditionally been isolated during regional planning. In order to gain a better understanding of the behavior of a managed beach system, a dynamic simulation model was developed incorporating physical and monetary factors influencing the amount of a...

Sandstorm has an effect on the electric field characteristics of outdoor insulator, and may result in flashover. The analysis of the electric field characteristic of insulator under sandstorm condition is very important. The electrostatic field finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electric field distribution along long rod insulator under sandstorm condition with FEM software. T...

As a water quality purification measure for areas such as lakes, a sand capping method by sand-upwelling system was developed. This method involves welling up clean sand from below contaminated sludge by using a water jet. The disposal of sludge and the acquirement of pure sand are not necessary like dredging and conventional sand capping works. Besides, the ecosystem will hardly be disturbed b...

The system for production of inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using sand and vermiculite irrigated with nutrient solution is promising. However, organic amendments added to the substrate can stimulate sporulation of AMF and replace the nutrient solution. The aim of this study was to maximize the production of AMF (Acaulospora longula, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Dentiscutata heter...

Manufactured sand differs from natural sea and river dredged sand in its physical and mineralogical properties. These can be both beneficial and detrimental to the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study in which manufactured sand produced in an industry sized crushing plant was characterised with respect to its physical and mineralogical...

BACKGROUND Ingestion of sand can cause colic, diarrhoea and weight loss in horses, but these signs are unspecific and can have many other causes. The amount of sand that induces disease may vary between individuals. To avoid over-diagnosing, it is important to determine the amount of sand that can be found in horses without clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this study was t...

Field-collected 4th-instar Glyptotendipes paripes larvae from a natural lake in central Florida preferred small-sized (< 0.84-1.99-mm-diam) grains of sand to burrow in and make cases in the laboratory. The larvae buried or formed cases within 3 h of introduction into 120-ml paper cups containing 80 ml tap water and 20 g of the small-diameter sand. When placed in sand with grains of different si...

A recently calibrated urban runoff model, the Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM), is used to compare the cost-effectiveness of using source area and regional stormwater treatment practices. The demonstration is done for the totally urbanized Lake Wingra watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The goal is to retrofit practices that are able to reduce the annual total suspended solids load by 4...