This experiment compared the effects of sand and straw bedding in free stalls on resting time, cleanliness, hock injuries, and hoof health of dairy cows and tested whether cow preferences for a bedding material depended on the familiarity with the material. A total of 52 dairy cows were kept either on straw bedded concrete stalls or sand stalls for at least 21 wk. The lying behavior was observe...

compared to quartz sand, the shear behavior of carbonate sand differs in  appearance, origin, and kind. carbonate sand is found mainly in the northern coast of the persian gulf and the oman sea. in this research, a comparison is made between the shear behavior of carbonate sand retrieved from the eastern region of the chabahar port, located north of the oman sea, and quartz sand obtained from f...

We compare the deformation patterns produced by sand and a sand mica mixture (14:1 ratio of sand to mica by weight) while simulating basin fill in extension and inversion models to analyze the potential of the sand mica mixture for applications that require a strong elasto-frictional plastic analogue material in physical models. Sand and the sand mica mixture have nearly equal angles of interna...

There are several types of firing tests of cannonballs. In ground firing tests, cannonballs without gunpowder charged are fired against sand heap. When a cannonball collides into sand, the cannonball’s penetration depth, stress and sand temperature depend on the sand properties. Sand tends to become harder than before after plenty of cannonball firing. This is because kinetic energy of a cannon...

This multidisciplinary study focuses on the application and comparison of several topology preserving mapping models upgraded with some classifier ensemble and boosting techniques in order to improve those visualization capabilities. The aim is to test their suitability for classification purposes in the field of food industry and more in particular in the case of dry cured ham. The data is obt...

An algorithm for simulating wind-ripples and moving sand is extended by the detection of fixed objects. This permits us simulation and animation of sand interacting with objects like houses, highways, cactuses, etc. Sand is accumulated on the windward side of an obstacle and the sand relocation and wind-ripples formation is diminished on the leeward side. The wind shadow depends on the object’s...

Horqin Sandy Land is located in northeast China (4241’-4515’N, 11835’-12330’E). The wind-sand topography in Horqin Sandy Land can be described as two series--sand deposition and wind erosion. Wind is the natural force for the formation of wind-sandy environment, under windsandy environment, the wind erosion processes such as sand drifting, dust-storm, etc. occurred frequently because of the fre...

The major element composition, including two kinds of clay minerals and moisture content of sound-producing sand are reported for the first time. Sand from 33 beaches in Japan has been found to make sound. Ten sound-producing beaches were selected to compare with silent beach sand. Both sound-producing sand and silent beach sand are mostly composed of quartz and feldspar. The range of SiO2 cont...

As pyrometallurgical technologies to smelt nickel metal from the oxide ore, melting reduction process using an electric furnace (Elkem) and semi-melting a rotary kiln (Krupp-Renn) with saprolite ore as raw material have been established operated commercially. However, in future, it is expected that will be difficult because of decline grade necessary develop new adaptable lower processing ore.

Offshore activities often encounter large scale sand patterns, such as sand waves. Sand waves are offshore bed forms occurring at water depths of 10 to 50 m. Their wavelengths can lead up to 500 m and their heights are typically several metres. Furthermore, sand waves have been shown to migrate, with typical velocities of up to metres per year. These dynamic sand waves decrease the least naviga...