Power is defined as the probability of correctly detecting an effect. It is often noted , where the converse, ̄ is the probability of a type-II error (not rejecting H0 when there is an effect). When planning a new experiment, it is generally recommended to have a power of at least .80. Suppose that your design has very little power and suppose further that you found a significant effect. Since y...

Assume we observe a random vector y of Rn and write y = f +ε, where f is the expectation of y and ε is an unobservable centered random vector. The aim of this paper is to build a new test for the null hypothesis that f = 0 under as few assumptions as possible on f and ε. The proposed test is nonparametric (no prior assumption on f is needed) and nonasymptotic. It has the prescribed level α unde...

This paper considers the problem of speci cation testing in general parametric models and shows that for a wide class of models the hypothesis of correct speci cation is equivalent to a continuum of moment equalities. Using these moment equalities we construct a class of speci cation tests that have correct asymptotic size in general parametric models, including stationary time series models, a...

Critics of test-based accountability warn that test preparation has a negative influence on teachers’ instruction due to a focus on procedural skills. Others advocate that the adoption of more rigorous assessments may be a way to incentivize more ambitious test-preparation instruction. Drawing on classroom observations and teacher surveys, we do find that testpreparation activities predict lowe...

in the use of peer group data to assess individual, typical or best practice performance, the effective detection of outliers is critical for achieving useful results. in these ‘‘deterministic’’ frontier models, statistical theory is now mostly available. this paper deals with the statistical pared sample method and its capability of detecting outliers in data envelopment analysis. in the prese...