A vaccine that uses one virus to deliver components of a second virus elicits T cells that recognize noncanonical epitopes. COVER A Classopollis meyeriana conifer pollen grain (~30 micrometers across) preserved in lake sediments deposited just after a massive, volcano-induced extinction event ~200 million years ago. This fossilized pollen grain is representative of the low-diversity plant assem...

Lake sediments from arcto-boreal regions commonly contain abundant Betula pollen. However, palaeoenvironmental interpretations of Betula pollen are often ambiguous because of the lack of reliable morphological features to distinguish among ecologically distinct Betula species in western North America. We measured the grain diameters and pore depths of pollen from three tree-birch species (B. pa...

In Brassica , the thioredoxin h proteins, THL1 and THL2, were previously found to be potential inhibitors of the S receptor kinase (SRK) in the Brassica self-incompatibility response. To investigate the biological roles of THL1 and THL2 in pollen-pistil interactions, the stigma-specific SLR1 promoter was used to drive antisense THL1/2 expression in Brassica napus cv. Westar. This cultivar is no...

BACKGROUND In allergic individuals, onset of symptoms is related to atmospheric pollen grain counts and aeroallergen concentrations. However, this relationship is not always clear. OBJECTIVES To analyze the correlation between grass pollen grain and aeroallergen concentrations in Ciudad Real, Spain, during the year 2004 and establish their association with symptoms in patients with allergic a...

A more efficient water use system is needed for agriculture. This is more evidence for rice production with a higher water use for economical production. A large cultivar×water regime interaction exists for grain yield in rice. Therefore, information is required to adopt new rice cultivars with high yield potential under water-saving conditions. The objectives of this study were to analyze the ...

To determine root growth and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under moderate drought stress, a nursery experiment and a field trial were conducted with or without water stress using three representative cultivars released in different years: CW134 (old landrace), CH58 (modern cultivar) and CH1 (new release). In the nursery experiment, plants were grown in soil-filled rhizoboxes...

The generation of novel hybrid lines is critically limited by the compatibility between pollen and pistil and their ability to achieve successful seed formation. Fertilization in flowering plants requires the successful transfer of the male gametes from the pollen grain to the egg contained within an ovule. This occurs via the formation of a tubular protrusion from the pollen grain – the pollen...