In this paper, we investigate the relevance of two simple computational models of immunization in Time Dependent optimization (TDO) problems. At rst, we propose a Simple Arti cial Immune System (Sais) and experimentally compare its reactiveness and robustness to well known evolutionist approaches. Sais is then applied to a cyclic dynamical environment in order to evaluate its ability to feature...

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The ongoing transformation of supreme audit institutions (SAIs) external environment is changing the demands and expectations its stakeholders. triggered by technological advancements, increased demand for accountability, transparency means a change in way auditing done. literature provides evidence an innovation within private sector audit. Private research has focused mainly on technology ado...

In the future, environmental disasters and resource constraints will continue to impact public sector audit environment. Governments be held responsible for their responses corresponding financial impacts, particularly rising levels of debt. Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) are vital in keeping governments accountable. Yet, they also need legitimacy subject isomorphic pressures gain this. Mime...