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in the september 15, 2016 issue of science, dr. richard stone wrote a report regarding selling theses and research articles in iran. there are noteworthy points in this report which truly disturb the iranian scientific community, but the present report is not the whole truth about the iranian scientific community. iran’s scientific infrastructure was destroyed in the eight-year imposed war by s...

Just months after Aff an Hamakhan Jafar graduated from medical college at the University of Mosul, Iraq, in 1985, his career took a sharp turn in an utterly unexpected direction. After fi nishing his internship in Mosul, Jafar had planned to go to Europe for postgraduate work, then perhaps to work as a general practitioner in Kurdistan, the northern Iraqi region where he was born. Instead, in l...

States typically issue compellent threats against considerably weaker adversaries, yet their threats often fail+ Why? Expanding on a standard model of international crisis bargaining, I argue that a theory of reputation-building can help shed light on this puzzle+ The model casts reputation as a strategic problem, showing that challengers issuing compellent threats have incentives to anticipate...

Few advances in science and technology have escaped the interests of the military—and indeed many have been fostered by those interests: for many years well over half of the uK’s r&D budget was directed towards weaponry, while military research in the former Soviet union virtually bankrupted civil society. Most weapons developments have engaged physics and chemistry, but the life sciences—not l...

The U.S. Army wants to ensure that the Future Force Warrior (FFW) will see first, understand first, act first and finish decisively as the means to tactical success. The Army of the future conceives of small combat units with netted communications enhanced with information from distributed and fused sensors, tactical intelligent assets enabling increased situation assessment, and on-the-move pl...

Many health and safety problems, including war and terrorism, are by-products of how people reason about risk. I describe a new approach to reasoning about risk that implements a modern dual-process model of memory called fuzzytrace theory. This approach posits encoding of both verbatim and gist representations, with reliance on the latter whenever possible; dependence of reasoning on retrieval...

The Dutch Paradox. History and Memory of the Holocaust in the Netherlands Prof.dr. Ido de Haan, Political History, Department of History and Art History, University of Utrecht. Email: [email protected] In this paper I present an outline for a book on the Dutch paradox in the history of the Holocaust. On the one hand, the Netherlands developed a reputation of tolerance and liberality, in particular...

We report the presence of the parasitic copepod Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 (Copepoda, Ergasilidae) on the Caspian sheaya, Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), caught from Atatürk Dam Lake (360 41' N 370 49' E, Sanliurfa, Turkey) between July and August 2006. A total of 23 Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 (Ergasilidae) were recorded from the gills of this fis...

Coercion or negative sanctions are found to have little effect [on terrorism] and, in important instances, are even counterproductive." In other words: fighting terrorism by war is no use, it does not even have a deterrent effect. On the contrary, the employment of massive military power makes it easier for terrorists to justify their attacks, to find broad support, and to recruit new followers...