Anaerobic digestion of high-nitrogen wastes such as animal manure can be inhibited by high concentrations of un-ionized ammonia, NH(3) (aq). Understanding the toxicity of NH(3) (aq) to anaerobic digestion requires a method for determining its concentration. Previous work on ammonia toxicity in anaerobic digesters has utilized a simple equilibrium calculation for estimating NH(3) (aq) concentrat...

Fecal wastes from domestic animals, wildlife and humans are applied to the soil surface and to varying extents are incorporated into the soil. These fecal wastes can also enter water systems by direct contamination of the water or through seepage or surface runoff. Humans contaminate water sources through poorly processed sewage effluents, malfunctioning septic tanks and seepage from sanitary l...

Introduction Research at CLIMA has indicated that Lathyrus cicera and L. sativus (grasspea) have potential as grain legumes on 100 000 to 300 000 ha of neutral to alkaline soils in low-to-medium rainfall areas of southern Australia. They do not have serious disease problems and are envisaged as low maintenance/low cost crops for the purposes of green manure, managing herbicide resistant weeds, ...

Animal waste from concentrated swine farms is widely considered to be a source of environmental pollution, and the introduction of veterinary antibiotics in animal manure to ecosystems is rapidly becoming a major public health concern. A housefly larvae (Musca domestica) vermireactor has been increasingly adopted for swine manure value-added bioconversion and pollution control, but few studies ...

Keywords: Multiple criteria decision making Multiple objective programming Compromise programming Goal programming Analytical hierarchy process a b s t r a c t The intensification of livestock operations in the last few decades has resulted in an increased social concern over the environmental impacts of livestock operations and thus making appropriate manure management decisions increasingly i...

This chapter considers the emissions of ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the excreta of agricultural animals deposited in buildings and collected as either liquid slurry or solid manure. This includes emissions from animal excreta at all stages: animal housing, manure storage and from land spreading of manures. Excreta deposited in fields by grazing animals are dealt with under SNA...