In May 1972, a brief survey of mosquitoes was carried out in the Margolembo area and several other localities in South SuIawesi, Indonesia. A total of 37 species of mosquitoes was collected which include 10 species of An&&s, 3 species of &&m&a, 7 species of A.&s, 15 species of Culex and 1 species each of Malaya and Uranotamia. Six of 37 species collected have not been previously recorded from S...

BACKGROUND There is a higher case-detection rate for leprosy among spatially proximate contacts such as household members and neighbors. Spatial information regarding the clustering of leprosy can be used to improve intervention strategies. Identifying high-risk areas within villages around known cases can be helpful in finding new cases. METHODS Using geographic information systems, we creat...

This study uses three rounds of panel data between October 1998 and November 1999 and covering 506 villages and 24,000 households in rural Mexico, to examine how the replacement of pre-existing subsidy programs by a conditional cash transfer program such as PROGRESA (the Health, Education and Nutrition Program) affects the consumption smoothing of households. The results obtained are consistent...

omen play a major role in domestic water management in areas where safe water and drainage are not available in the house. In these settings, women are typically responsible for collecting, storing, and using water and for disposing of wastewater (1,2). Most studies of women's water management and the health benefits of safe water and sanitation examine the effect of protected water sources, su...

introduction tourism is one of the world's largest industries, generating. 11.1% of global gdp, nearly employing 260 million people and annual turnover about 4.5 trillion dollars. in other words, the tourism accounted for 8 percent of total global employment offers. in 80 percent countries in the world, or in more than 150 countries, the tourism is among the five most important sources of ...

China accounts for a large number of suicides worldwide, and most occur in rural areas. Suicide research in China has primarily focused on individual-level risk factors, few have studied the influence of neighborhood contexts. This ecological study examines the association of suicide rates with social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation in Chinese rural villages. Data from the community...

Groundwater pollution from the petrochemical industry causes serious deterioration of soil and groundwater quality and impacts on human health worldwide. However, few studies have examined the effect of residential exposure to petrochemical chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater on renal function impairment in humans. We conducted an ecological study to investigate the two. A polyviny...

BACKGROUND Uganda has active foci of both chronic and acute HAT with the acute zoonotic form of disease classically considered to be restricted to southeast Uganda, while the focus of the chronic form of HAT was confined to the northwest of the country. Acute HAT has however been migrating from its traditional disease focus, spreading rapidly to new districts, a spread linked to movement of inf...

BACKGROUND Spatial modeling is increasingly utilized to elucidate relationships between demographic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, and infectious disease prevalence data. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on spatio-temporal modeling that take into account the uncertainty of diagnostic techniques. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We obtained Schistosoma japonicum preval...