Background: Health is a very essential issue in our world. From the classic and traditional medicine point of view, our surroundings and habitat including geographic location, climatic conditions , eating and drinking habits , training and emotions, contribute to a healthy life style. With an overview in traditional medicine, it is clear that there is another important aspect in preventive medi...

Background: When the best treatment option is uncertain, a patient’s preference based on personal values should bethe source of most variation in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Unexplained surgeon-to-surgeon variation intreatment for hand and upper extremity conditions suggests that surgeon preferences have more influence than patientpreferences.Methods: A total of 184 surgeons revie...

IWRM is an empirical concept which has been founded on the experience of water practitioners. In other words, it is not a scientific theory to be confirmed or rejected. In turn, it is a set of guidelines derived from conventional understanding of key elements of water management. Experience shows that the countries and governments who start reforms in water sector, focus on policy making, and l...

this article studied cultural factors influencing the choice of spouse in a samlpe of 300 students of iran university of medical sciences, 59.1% being medical students and the rest nonmedical. the average age of the sample was 21.6. results showed that there was a significant difference between the two sesex regarding the age of marriage, and all of them agreed that engagement s essential. temp...

Objective To assess the strength of root cause analysis (RCA) recommendations and their perceived levels of effectiveness and sustainability. Design All RCAs related to sentinel events (SEs) undertaken between the years 2010 and 2015 in the public health system in Victoria, Australia were analysed. The type and strength of each recommendation in the RCA reports were coded by an expert patient...

Background: Neurosurgery practice conflicts with many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic; Including the lack of beds in intensive care units, as well as the use of some methods such as drills and trans-nasal and trans-oral approaches that produce aerosols or are directly in contact with patient discharge. Due to these challenges, developing a clinical guideline to help neurosurgeons and me...

abstract background and objective: according to the importance of learning and memory in the human life and also unavoidable neural degeneration due to aging, finding new compounds (drugs) against this process is valuable. however, there are many recommendations for herbal medicine and constituents which encouraged us to examine a candidate plant zingiber officinalis for the mentioned purpose. ...

over the past decades, participatory approaches to development have been the center of attention not only as a means to sustainable development but also as an end. although women's role in rural development is emphasized, their participation in extension educational programs is nevertheless limited. using sherry aronstein theoretical framework, the descriptive-survey research aims to deter...