Background: We describe karyotypic variations and the in vitro methods for plant propagation and conservation as well as detailed chromosomal analysis of (Aloe vera L.) and Aloe littoralis from Iran during flowering stage. Objectives: This karyotypic was discovered because of a difference in the position of the chromosome and due to genomic differentiation in domesticated pop...

Although knowledge on dispersal patterns is essential for predicting long-term population dynamics, critical information on the modalities of passive dispersal and potential interactions between vectors is often missing. Here, we use mangrove propagules with a wide variety of morphologies to investigate the interaction between water and wind as a driver of passive dispersal. We imposed 16 combi...

Abstract The need to respond quickly the presence of an ephemeral resource required for breeding is often a feature scramble competition mating systems. Scramble systems can extreme levels sexual conflict and coercive by males. As result, selection act on various traits used males overcome female resistance behaviours. Selection these may result in significant intra intersexual size variation d...

Freshwater mussels are among the most endangered groups of fauna anywhere in world. The indiscriminate use antibiotics has led to emergence resistant strains. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria play a key role increasing risk allied with surface water and spread resistance genes. Two freshwater mussel species, Margaritifera margaritifera Potomida littoralis, were sampled at 4 sampling sites al...

Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and baculovirus (BV) might be used jointly to provide effective control of the Spodoptera genus. The literature has mostly covered safe compatibility between natural enemies BV-based insecticides, but research on potential dispersal BV by is lacking. Thus, goal this manuscript was ascertain if H. able disperse broad host range Autograp...

Abstract Background Baculoviruses can be inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) light, which limits their application as an efficient biopesticide. In attempt to enhance virus resistance UV inactivation, a photolyase gene, isolated from Spodoptera litura granulovirus (SpliGV), was expressed in deficient littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) and the infectivity of recombinant expressing phr gene de...

The ectoparasite fauna for island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on Santa Cruz Island (California, USA) in April (wet season) and September (dry season) 1998 was evaluated. Three taxa of ectoparasites were identified. These were fleas (Pulex irritans), lice (Neotrichodectes mephitidis), and ticks (Ixodes pacificus). Ectoparasite abundances varied seasonally. Typical of insular endemic species, isla...