In this paper we analyzed some of the phonological rules of Russian loanword adaptation in Persian, on the view of Optimal Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky, 1993, 2003). It is the first study of phonological process on Russian loanwords adaptation in Persian. By gathering about 50 current Russian loanwords, we selected some of them to analyze. We found out that vowel insertion, vowel prothesis...

Threats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and overexploitation cause species extinctions; however, stochastic processes can accelerate extinction rates as census sizes decline. Using molecular and ecological data, we explored the influence of these processes on the demography of a candidate species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act—the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus...

  The salinity tolerance, hematological and hydromineral regulation capabilities of juvenile Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) were investigated in different ages and sizes in freshwater (FW: <0.5‰), estuary water (EW: 9.5‰) and Caspian Sea water (CSW: 12.5‰). The fish were directly transferred from FW to EW and CSW. The possible repercussions of ion-osmoregulatory processes on some ...

The raw data from study of variation of D-loop mtDNA of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (Mol. Biol. Evol. 1993. 10: 326–341) was re-analyzed. Re-calculated nucleotide substitution rate (μ) was 0.782–0.939 × 10 substitutions/site/year/lineage, which was 1.4 times less than the estimate given in above-mentioned publication. The use of new μ has led to an increase in estimates of long-term ...