introduction: the aim of this study was to investigate weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight in rural regions of tabriz, a province in the northwest of iran. materials & methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted using routinely collected data of pregnant mothers from rural health centers. eight health centers were randomly selected in rural areas of tabriz. totally, 874 women aged ...

regarding gender inequality in many communities, empowerment of women has become an important subject and received more attention in recent years. results of many researches show that tourism especially ecotourism affects women empowerment in its different aspects by making them interested in participating tourism activities. based on findings of previous researches, the current study aims to a...

INTRODUCTION For many women, and particularly rural women, birthing locally and within their own community is important for personal, social and/or cultural reasons. If concerns about the woman or her baby mean transfer to a secondary or tertiary facility is necessary, this can be disruptive and stressful, especially if road transfer is complicated by terrain, weather or distance, as is often t...

Ihave been a female physician in “rural” general practice for 24 years. My husband is a rural doctor, as was my father. I have seen rural medicine before and after medicare, in the east and in the west, by sea and by mountains, in depressed and in prosperous areas, and in communities supported by fishing, farming and forestry. As the first female physician in 2 communities and, for most of the ...

IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of research among African Americans and rural residents. Little is known about the association between urbanicity and depression or about the interaction of urbanicity, race/ethnicity, and sex on depression and mood disorder prevalence. OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction of urbanicity and race/ethnicity on lifetime and 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD) a...

BACKGROUND In mature generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, as survival from accessing antiretroviral treatment (ART) increases, HIV prevalence data may be suboptimal and difficult to interpret without HIV incidence rates. OBJECTIVE To determine the HIV incidence rate among rural and urban women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort stu...

Alcohol and other drug disorders (AOD) are a growing problem among women, with estimates as high as 11 million U.S. women affected. This article is a report of the results from 2 studies investigating risk factors for AOD disorders in rural women. Samples of the 2 studies were combined for a total of 267 women. Analyses focused on victimization as a vulnerability factor for AOD disorders in rur...