I offer a macroeconomic view of product markets that combines the desirable properties of the market-clearing models descended from the real business cycle model, on the one hand, and the sticky-price disequilibrium model of modern inflation analysis, on the other hand. I adhere strictly to the basic concept of equilibrium, in that buyers and sellers never transact in my model under conditions ...

This paper describes multi-layer traffic engineering and signaling technologies in the photonic-GMPLS-router (Hikari-Router) network. Multi-layer t 6 c engineering, which yields the dynamic cooperation of IP and photonic layers, is described with the goal of providing IP services costeffectively. The establishment of photonic cut-through paths is triggered when the Layer 3 traf€ic loads become ...

We study a natural dependent percolation model introduced by Häggström. Consider subcritical Bernoulli bond percolation with a fixed parameter p < pc. We define a dependent site percolation model by the following procedure: for each bond cluster, we colour all vertices in the cluster black with probability r and white with probability 1− r , independently of each other. On the square lattice, d...

Resistance spot welding is a very complicated process involving electro-magnetic, thermal, fluid flow, mechanical and metallurgical variables. Since weld nugget area is close and unobservable with experimental means, numerical methods are mainly used to reveal the nugget formation mechanism. So far, heat transfer behaviors in the weld nugget have been systematically studied with traditional ele...

Sequential supervised learning problems involve assigning a class label to each item in a sequence. Examples include part-of-speech tagging and text-to-speech mapping. A very general-purpose strategy for solving such problems is to construct a recurrent sliding window (R.SW) classifier, which maps some window of the input sequence plus some number of previously-predicted items into a prediction...

One of the most well-known classical results for site percolation on the square lattice is the equation pc + p ∗ c = 1. In words, this equation means that for all values 6= pc of the parameter p the following holds: Either a.s. there is an infinite open cluster or a.s. there is an infinite closed ‘star’ cluster. This result is closely related to the percolation transition being sharp: Below pc ...

One of the most well-known classical results for site percolation on the square lattice is the equation pc +p∗ c = 1. In words, this equation means that for all values = pc of the parameter p, the following holds: either a.s. there is an infinite open cluster or a.s. there is an infinite closed “star” cluster. This result is closely related to the percolation transition being sharp: below pc, t...

U.S. businesses spend almost $300 billion a year on advertising. The goal of the spending is to attract loyal customers. The relationship capital associated with the resulting loyalty earns substantial rents for businesses and also some rents for customers. Businesses and households pursue those rents. I build a model of the development and valuation of customer relationships and of the resulti...