This article aims to highlight the privileged status granted by Christianity Virgin Mary when considering her Queen of Heaven. From very early centuries our era, this sublime title was assigned Mary, for condition Mother God, an increasing number Church Fathers and theologians. Later, it expounded uncountable medieval liturgical hymns. Finally, from 12th century onwards, these textual proclamat...

Abstract We consider licensing of a non-drastic innovation by licensor that interacts with potential licensee in Stackelberg duopoly, comparing per-unit and ad-valorem royalty two-part contracts showing why when each deal should be used. contribute three findings to the literature. First, is preferred plays as leader marketplace, but follower. Second, only innovations do not hurt consumers are ...

Abstract Reforming environmentally harmful subsidies is an international priority under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Research that links industrial to negative ecological impacts, however, limited. This paper contributes emerging agenda of global “subsidy accountability” research by linking oil and gas decline endangered caribou herds in British Columbia, Canada. While existing co...

The Berne Convention includes provisions for resale royalty rights, which have been adopted by countries worldwide. However, Indonesia has yet to establish a framework leading suboptimal protection of economic rights creators painting works. This study aims analyze the regulation works under Copyright Law in Indonesia, Germany, and Australia. Additionally, it seeks identify urgency implementing...

Speaker: Prof. Dr. Urs Schweizer. — Department of Economics — University of Bonn — D-53113 Bonn, Phone: +49(0228)739220 — Fax: +49(0228)739221 * Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, School of Economics Email: [email protected] ** Sung-Buk Ku An-am Dong 5-1, Seoul 136-701, Korea, Email: [email protected] *** Corresponding Author: Institute of Economic Theory I, Humboldt Univers...

There is considerable controversy about the relative merits of the apportionment rule (which results in per-unit royalties) and the entire market value rule (which results in ad-valorem royalties) as ways to determine the scope of the royalty base in licensing negotiations and disputes. This paper analyzes the welfare implication of the two rules abstracting from implementation and practicabili...

Speaker. †I am grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support for my ongoing visits to the University of Mainz. This manuscript has been authored under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others ...

This paper shows that subsidy can naturally emerge as part of the equilibrium strategy of an innovator of a cost-reducing innovation in a Cournot oligopoly when the innovator is endowed with combinations of upfront fee and royalty. It is further shown that there are robust regions where the social welfare is higher in subsidy-based licensing compared to the regime where licensing involving subs...