An investigative project was conducted using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigate the genetic diversity of Myriophyllum spicatum from Leland Pond and Lake Moraine in Madison County, New York. This species of milfoil was first introduced to North America in the late 19 century around the Chesapeake Bay area (Aiken, 1979), although some authors believe that it came as...

Paralympic Alpine Skiing comprises three main categories, namely Standing, Visually Impaired and Sitting, to one of which athletes get classified depending on their individual impairment of ability. An existing sport profile of alpine skiing for able-bodied athletes facilitates the physical preparation process of Standing and Visually Impaired athletes. However, very little is known about perfo...

Concept 2 indoor rowing machine (Concept 2 Inc., USA), an exercise and training machine for able-bodied population, was modified for total body exercise in paraplegia. A new seating system provides trunk stability and constrains the leg motion to the sagittal plane. A 4-channel electrical stimulator activates the quadriceps and hamstrings in drive and recovery phases of rowing cycle. Force sens...

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a modelling of rowing dynamics using bond graphs and to replace it by a modelling of mixed reality rowing dynamics using Mixed Reality Bond Graphs. Continuous-time dynamics for real environments, discrete-time dynamics for virtual environments, and their HyperBond interfaces in a mixed reality rowing dynamics will be described together using the mix...

Clinical diagnoses depend on a variety of physiological variables but the full range of these variables is seldom known. With the load placed on the human body during competitive rowing, the physiological range for several variables is illustrated. The extreme work produced during rowing is explained by the seated position and the associated ability to increase venous return and, thus, cardiac ...

Rowing has a 150 yr+ competitive history. Examining results from historic races like Oxford-Cambridge (established 1829) and the world championships (established 1893) reveals a linear increase in boat speed by 2-3% per decade. Boat velocity increases if propulsive power is increased and/or power losses are reduced. Over time, the propulsive power capacity of elite rowers has increased. Part of...