This Article presents a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources and factors affecting performance of QoS routing protocols. The relative strength, weakness, and applicability of existing QoS routing protocols are also studied and compared. QoS routing protocols are classified according to the QoS metrics used type of QoS guarantee assured.

Considering the great significant role that routing protocols play in transfer rate and choosing the optimum path for exchange of data packages, and further in the amount of consumed energy in the routing protocol, the present study has focused on developing an efficient compound energy algorithm based on cluster structure which is called active node with cluster structure. The purpose of this ...

To support group oriented service which is said to be the primary application that are addressed by Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in recent years, multicast routing is used. Hence there is a need to design stable and reliable multicast routing protocols for MANETs. In recent years several multicast routing protocols have been designed. Though these protocols are used for the same purpose, eac...

As mobile computing gains popularity, the need for ad hoc routing protocols will continue to grow. There have been numerous simulations comparing the performance of these protocols under varying conditions and constraints. One question that arises is whether the choice of MAC protocol affects the relative performance of the routing protocols being studied. This paper investigates the answer to ...

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have and abundant number of routing protocols, some sources suggested that more than 70 protocols may exist. The existence of so many protocols can be attributed to the lack of standards which would define its operations. In this works we categorise and discuss the inner workings of proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols. Our discussions leads us to deter...

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a new technology that allows vehicles to form a self-organized network without reliance on permanent infrastructure. The characteristics of VANET such as rapid topology changes, high mobility, and frequent link disconnections makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V). Existing gr...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic distributed system of wireless nodes that move independently of each other. MANET routing protocols are either proactive or reactive in nature. Proactive routing protocols determine and maintain routes between any pair of nodes irrespective of their requirement. The reactive on-demand routing protocols determine a route only when required. As the net...

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. There are a number of routing protocols developed by researchers. Due to the nature of ad hoc networks, secure routing is an important area of research in developing secure routing protocols. Althou...

Wireless sensor network is defined as wireless network of sensor nodes in which Routing technique is one of the most challenging issues. One of the major issues in WSNs is the limited battery power of the network sensor nodes. The battery power plays an important role in increasing the lifetime of the nodes. In WSN, routing among various routing technique, energy consumption is one of the most ...

Recent advances in electronics and integrated circuits have fostered the development of small and intelligent medical sensors and actuators that are wearable or implementable inside the human body. The main function of these devices is to collect patient’s physiological parameters and forward them to the medical center in an efficient and reliable way. Therefore, routing is a non-trivial task i...