The Bethe–Salpeter equation for pion fluctuations off the chiral soliton in the Nambu– Jona–Lasinio model is constructed. By Goldstone’s theorem this equation has rotational and translational zero modes because the classical soliton is a localized stationary field configuration which violates rotational and translational invariance. Furthermore, the proper normalization of the fluctuating eigen...

Synthesizing controllers for rotational movements in feature space is an open research problem and is particularly challenging because of the need to precisely regulate the character’s global orientation, angular momentum and inertia. This paper presents feature-based controllers for a wide variety of rotational movements, including cartwheels, dives and flips. We show that the controllers can ...

The adaptive significance of learning is supported by studies showing its positive effects on mating behaviour, but they rarely go beyond fertilization success. Here we studied how learning contributes to qualitative reproductive investment, by testing the hypothesis that mating in the context that predicts male appearance has positive effects on female reproductive investment compared with uns...

in this study, friction stir spot welding (fssw) is applied to join the tial6v4 titanium alloy with 1.5 mm thickness and then the effect of rotational speed and tool dwell time on microstructure and mechanical properties is investigated. in this regard, the speed of the tool rotation was considered as 800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, as well as the tool dwell time was set at 7 and 12s. microstructural ...

This paper addresses an approach toward tomographic reconstruction from rotational angiography data as it is generated by C-arms in cardiac imaging. Since the rotational acquisition scheme forces a trade-off between consistency of the scene and reasonable baselines, most existing reconstruction techniques fail at recovering the 3D + t scene. We propose a new reconstruction framework based on va...

A new numerical algorithm using quintic splines is developed and analyzed: quintic spline Taylor-series expansion (QSTSE). QSTSE is an Eulerian #ux-based scheme that uses quintic splines to compute space derivatives and Taylor series expansion to march in time. The new scheme is strictly mass conservative and positive de"nite while maintaining high peak retention. The new algorithm is compared ...

This paper visually demonstrates the effect of crossover operations on the performance of EMO algorithms through computational experiments on multi-objective 0/1 knapsack problems. In our computational experiments, we use the NSGA-II algorithm as a representative EMO algorithm. First we compare the performance of the NSGA-II algorithm between two cases: NSGA-II with/without crossover. Experimen...

This work presents an ultra-lightweight, cryptographic, mutual authentication protocol for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed scheme is more secure than its predecessors. The vulnerabilities of previous schemes based on triangular functions and rotation have been demonstrated in traditional and rotational cryptanalysis. In this paper, we summarize the successful attacks on...

the greatest limitations to agricultural development and production in iran are scarcity of water resources, ineffective irrigation scheduling and wasteful water usage. avenues discussed for optimum water use include improving water productivity by improving irrigation scheduling, farm water management and water profitability. the present study evaluated current water use and ways to improve wi...

This article reviews six fundamental-wave excitation sensorless techniques for synchronous machines reported in the literature. All rely on a hybrid flux observer scheme, combining voltage and current-models of machine, use error signal to track rotor phase angle rotational speed. A common mathematical framework with magnetic nonlinearity is constructed stability analysis where each studied tec...