During preliminary studies of the rostral ventrolateral medulla as a relay site for responses activated from forebrain, loss of the marked depressor effect of lidocaine, microinjected into lateral rostral ventrolateral medulla, was observed when rats were ventilated spontaneously rather than by artificial ventilation. The mechanism of this effect was studied in rats ventilated at a tidal volume...

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) processes gustatory and related somatosensory information rostrally and general viscerosensory information caudally. To compare its connections with those of other rodents, this study in the C57BL/6J mouse provides a subnuclear cytoarchitectonic parcellation (Nissl stain) of the NST into rostral, intermediate, and caudal divisions. Subnuclei are further c...

Benign or malignant tumor is one of the frequent causes resection mandible. The extent and location decides mode treatment neoplastic lesion. Surgical removal oral neoplasm leads to an extensive mandible along with associated structures. Objective: This case report describes use palatal ramp prosthesis guide during movements restore a stable occlusal relationship additional acrylic buccal pad a...

Background: Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm derived from hair follicles, and it rarely happens. Some cases were misdiagnostic with another skin lesion. One of them was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aimed to describe the pilomatrixoma pathology description carcinoma.
 Case presentation: A man, 72 years old admitted hospital chief complaint lump on his chin that penetrated int...

Geometric morphometry has been widely used in decapods’ studies for taxonomic needs, and eco-morphological adaptation intraspecific variations recordings. Among the 40 species of genus Hippolyte, Mediterranean endemic Hippolyte sapphica is only one with two distinct conspecific morphotypes, without intermediate forms: morph-A a long, dentate morph-B very short, toothless rostrum. Previous have ...

Certain previously unknown structures, probably endocrine in nature, are described. The blind 'end-organ' which is present and shows signs of activity in the pre-moult stage shows no noticeable sign of activity in the post-moult stage. In certain respects it is comparable to the 'anterior organ' of spiders, which has been homologized with the prothoracic glands of insects. In the rostral region...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiate into neuroectodermal progenitors when cultured as floating aggregates in serum-free conditions. Here, we show that strict removal of exogenous patterning factors during early differentiation steps induces efficient generation of rostral hypothalamic-like progenitors (Rax(+)/Six3(+)/Vax1(+)) in mouse ES cell-derived neuroectodermal cells. The use of growth...

The spatial distribution and clinical correlation of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after lumbar puncture have not been determined. Adult in-patients receiving diagnostic lumbar punctures were recruited prospectively. Whole-spine heavily T2-weighted magnetic resonance myelography was carried out to characterize post-lumbar puncture spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakages. Maximum rostral migration was...