AIMS The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) release channel homotetramer harbours approximately 21 potentially redox-sensitive cysteine residues on each subunit and may act as a sensor for reactive oxygen species (ROS), linking ROS homeostasis to the regulation of Ca(2+) signalling. In cardiac myocytes, arrayed RyRs or Ca(2+) release units are packed in the close proximity of mitochondria,...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a multitude of signaling roles in different organisms from bacteria to mammalian cells. They were initially thought to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, but have now been acknowledged as central players in the complex signaling network of cells. In this review, we will attempt to address several key questions related to the use of ROS as signaling mol...

Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration extends the lifespan of many species. In Caenorhabditis elegans, reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote longevity by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in response to reduced mitochondrial respiration. However, the physiological role and mechanism of ROS-induced longevity are poorly understood. Here, we show that a modest increase in ROS in...

Support for the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antimicrobial lethality has been refined and strengthened. Killing by diverse antimicrobials is enhanced by defects in genes that protect against ROS, inhibited by compounds that block hydroxyl radical accumulation, and is associated with surges in intracellular ROS. Moreover, support has emerged for a genetic pathway that control...

Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal Long-Evans (LE) and dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats were incubated with P-orthophosphate and then phagocytically challenged with isolated rod outer segments (ROS) or polystyrene latex spheres (PSL). The P incorporation into individual proteins was quantified by image analysis of two-dimensional gel autoradiograms, and chan...

Thymic rosettes (ROS), structures consisting of thymic lymphoid cells attached to a central stromal cell, were isolated from mouse thymus by collagenase digestion and unit-gravity elutriation. The ROS were then separated into those where the stromal cells were either macrophage-like (M-ROS) or dendritic cell-like (D-ROS), on the basis of the differences in adherence properties or in the level o...

Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from normal Long-Evans (LE) and dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats were incubated with 32P-orthophosphate and then phagocytically challenged with isolated rod outer segments (ROS) or polystyrene latex spheres (PSL). The 32P incorporation into individual proteins was quantified by image analysis of two-dimensional gel autoradiograms, and ...

Climate change poses a substantial threat to global crop yield. Moreover, production is likely reduce in the near future because of increasing average temperatures, widespread extreme climate events, and loss agricultural land. Abiotic stresses are major factors limiting growth development various crops worldwide. They cause buildup reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads cellular damage var...

The evolution of aerobic metabolism such as respiration and photosynthesis resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A common property of all ROS types is that they can cause oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids. This toxicity of ROS explains the evolution of complex arrays of nonenzymatic and enzymatic detoxification mechanisms in plants. However, increasing evidenc...