In a recent paper [1] Bernard, Golterman, Shamir, and Sharpe challenge the proof developed in [2–4] showing that nonperturbative effects are incorrectly treated in the rooting formalism popular for reducing the number of fermion species in the staggered formalism for dynamical quarks. Here I discuss how this challenge is based on a misunderstanding of the chiral behavior of staggered quarks. Th...

vegetation is known to increase hillslope stability by reinforcing soil shear resistance. this reinforcement depends on the density and tensile strength of the root systems. this paper presents the results of research carried out in order to evaluate the biotechnical characteristics of the root system of parrotia persica. the profile trenching methods was used to obtaining root area ratio (rar)...

Number of days from transplanting to rooting varies depending on the weather conditions, which has not been considered in developmental prediction but must affect the accuracy. A method to estimate the rooting day when calculation should be started was proposed using within-the-season growth data of the particular field.

Summary crop growth models are promising tools for assessing crop yield potentials, but it is necessary to indicate uncertainties in model calculations that result from simplifying assumptions and errors/uncertainties in model input data and parameter values. The present study attempts to do this for soil factors that affect the water balance of land-use systems with sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L...

Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from containerized plants growing under uniform fertility on June 4, 1998. Cuttings were treated with talc formulations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), ranging from 0 to 8000 ppm (0.8%), and placed under intermittent mis...

studies have shown that rooting substrate is one of the effective factors at rooting of hard rhizogenetic plant such as henna. the purpose of this study is to determine an appropriate concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (naa), indole butyric acid (iba) and salicylic acid (sa) on rooting of henna. present study showed that there was a great variation in most of the measured characters at p<...

While some studies aim to generalise the attributes of woody encroachers, examining their functional differences across biogeographic regions may also be instructive. Most of Texas is encroached by Prosopis glandulosa, but on the eastern Edwards Plateau, a limestone plateau with thin soils, P. glandulosa is rare and Juniperus ashei is dominant. We hypothesised that P. glandulosa is excluded fro...

In 1993, we published a paper in Development detailing the anatomical structure of the Arabidopsis root. The paper described how root growth was maintained by the precisely tuned activity of a small set of 'initials', which acted as the source of dividing and differentiating cells, and how these stem cell-like cells surrounded a few infrequently dividing cells. This work underpinned subsequent ...

The poinsettia's species name pulcherrima means "most beautiful" and that it is! Poinsettia's brilliant red floral display held against rich green foliage has made this unlikely species a holiday favorite. Its appealing presentation of the traditional Christmas colors has so endeared poinsettia that it is now second only to the Christmas tree as the most popular holiday plant. Studies have show...

The poinsettia's species name pulcherrima means "most beautiful" and that it is! Poinsettia's brilliant red floral display held against rich green foliage has made this unlikely species a holiday favorite. Its appealing presentation of the traditional Christmas colors has so endeared poinsettia that it is now second only to the Christmas tree as the most popular holiday plant. Studies have show...