This paper presents a new method to derive monthly averaged surface air temperature, Ta, from multiple data sets. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and total precipitable water (W)from the SSM/I sensor are used as inputs to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Surface air temperature (Ta) measurements from the Surface Marine Data (SMD) are ...

Large umbrella space antennas are essential for communication, monitoring and observation of Earth and space objects. Despite investigations devoted to space antenna dynamics, the disturbance impulse shape effect on the root mean square error of spacecraft antenna reflecting surface has not been studied. This paper overcomes this gap describing disturbance impulse impact on root mean square err...

This study evaluates the steepest descent algorithm as a tool for root mean square (RMS) error optimization in geodetic reference systems to improve integrity of transformation. With an initial RMS estimate 0.01830m, negative gradient direction was applied through leading final 0.00051m. Using exact line search mode with one-point step size 0.1, we achieved minimum values less than sixty iterat...

We report root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront error (WFE) for individual aberrations and cumulative high-order (HO) RMS WFE for the normal human eye as a function of age by decade and pupil diameter in 1 mm steps from 3 to 7 mm and determine the relationship among HO RMS WFE, mean age for each decade of life, and luminance for physiologic pupil diameters. Subjects included 146 healthy individuals ...

We study the relation between wavefunction (de)localization and avoided crossing in a quadrupole billiard. employ inverse participation ratio, Renyi entropy root-mean-square (rms) image contrast as three types of measures for (de)localization. It is found that all these behave similarly, exhibiting minimum at center crossing, where maximally delocalized. Our results show quantities can be good ...

Objective: The present study was aimed to study the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A masseter injection and hyaluronic acid chin injection in pretext of the lower third facial contour remodeling. Methods: 60 Chinese cases that underwent a lower third of facial contour remodeling for the first time were selected. Before surgery, a conventional electromyography was performed. The Root Mean Squa...

[Purpose] Working while sitting for long periods can cause lumbar pain, fatigue, and reduced work efficiency. How a dynamic chair with a seat that moves three-dimensionally affects pelvic mobility before and after work, work efficiency, and post-work fatigue were examined. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects were 17 healthy adults (10 males, 7 females, mean age 21.8 ± 2.7 years). Subjects performed...

The process of calculating the effective values of voltage and current root mean square (RMS) using Fourier transform (FT) suffers a high computational effort. Since it provides only an amplitude-frequency spectrum, looses time-related information, and is unable to deal with no stationary waveforms, standard definitions are reformulated in the time-frequency domain using the wavelet transform (...

The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of an automated infrared-assisted, trunk accelerometer-based gait analysis system for measuring gait parameters of healthy subjects in a hospital. Thirty-five participants (28 of them females; age range, 23-79 years) performed a 5-m walk twice using an accelerometer-based gait analysis system with infrared assist. Measurements o...

Single-axis vibrotactile feedback of trunk tilt provided in real-time has previously been shown to significantly reduce the root-mean-square (RMS) trunk sway in subjects with vestibular loss during single-axis perturbation. This research examines the effect of multi-directional vibrotactile feedback on postural sway during continuous multi-directional surface perturbations when the subjects' ey...