PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) typically results from individual mutations in any one of >70 genes that cause rod photoreceptor cells to degenerate prematurely, eventually resulting in blindness. Gene therapies targeting individual RP genes have shown efficacy at clinical trial; however, these therapies require the surviving photoreceptor cells to be viable and functional, and may be economi...

Future 6G communication systems will require wideband nonreciprocal devices in the terahertz frequency domain. A novel ultra-wideband circulator is implemented by inserting a NixZn1−xFe2O4 ferrite sphere into Al2O3 dielectric rod-array. The operating bandwidth of broadened to 40 GHz via external matching method through two hexagonal aluminum sheets. three-dimensional numerical simulation sugges...

Retinal rod photoreceptors are depolarized in darkness to approximately -40 mV, a state in which they maintain sustained glutamate release despite low levels of calcium channel activation. Blocking voltage-gated calcium channels or ryanodine receptors (RyRs) at the rod presynaptic terminal suppressed synaptic communication to bipolar cells. Spontaneous synaptic events were also inhibited when e...

The authors investigated whether the perceived posture of the arm plus a hand-held object influences remote haptic perception of whether an object can be stepped over. Blindfolded participants (N = 20) determined whether they could step over bars at different heights by exploring the bars with a T-shaped rod. The rod was weighted so that the perceived posture of the arm-plus-rod was shifted up,...

Synaptic transmission between rods and depolarizing bipolar cells (DBC) was studied by using simultaneous recording techniques in the living retinal slice preparation. Current injection into the rod elicited a sign-inverting, sustained voltage change in the DBC. Voltage "tails" after the termination of a bright flash were observed in dark-adapted rods and DBC but not in cones. These simultaneou...

In this paper atmospheric electric field distribution is determined in the vicinity of the Franklin’s lightning protection rod top which is modeled by half-spherical ending. Special emphasis is given to determination of critical atmospheric electric field that leads to break-down at the top of the rod. For the values of external atmospheric electric field that overcome critical value at the rod...

Abstract A numerical parametric study on positive diffuse discharges in point-to-plane geometry air at atmospheric pressure is presented. Different discharge characteristics are studied: ignition time, connection time to the grounded cathode plane, shape of and its maximum radius evolution electric field front velocity ionization during propagation. First, a case DC voltage 50 kV applied rod an...

Anatomical and electrophysiological techniques were combined to study the morphology, synaptic connections, and response properties of two neurons in the rod pathway of the rabbit retina: the rod bipolar cell and the narrow-field, bistratified (NFB) amacrine cell. Rod bipolars receive synaptic input from rod cells in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), where their dendrites end as central elements...

This work is conducted to obtain mechanical properties of microtubule. For this aim, interaction energy in alpha-beta, beta-alpha, alpha-alpha, and beta-beta dimers was calculated using the molecular dynamic simulation. Force-distance diagrams for these dimers were obtained using the relation between potential energy and force. Afterwards, instead of each tubulin, one sphere with 55 KDa weight ...